US Map

The USA (United States of America), also known as the United States (US or U.S.), or America, is a country basically located in the North America continent, consisting of fifty states, a federal district, 5 major territories, and various minor islands. At 9.8 million square kilometers (3.8 million square miles), it is the world's 3rd or 4th largest country by total area. With a population of over 328 million, it is the 3rd most populous country in the world. The national capital city is Washington, D.C., and the most populous city is NYC (New York City).

Colored USA Map

United States

The United States of America is a country located in North America. It is also known as the United States or simply America. The country comprises an area of 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million square kilometres). Some sources claim the USA to be the third largest country in the world but according to the others it ranks at the fourth place in terms of area. The country’s vast territory includes 50 states and one federal district. Other areas include 326 Indian reservations, five major self governing territories and a few possessions. There are more than 328 million people living within the borders of the United States, making it the world’s third most populous country. New York City, which is located in the state of New York, is the country’s most populous city. Washington D.C. is the capital of the United States.

The history of the region of what is now known as the United States dates back many millennia. There is evidence that around 12,000 years ago Paleo-Indians arrived in the region from Siberia. In the 16th century, the region witnessed the arrival of European colonisers leading to people from various European countries emigrating to the United States. The original United States was formed from 13 colonies that were located along the East Coast. Later, disputes regarding taxation and political representation emerged between the US states and the British colonisers leading to the American Revolutionary War. The war led to the Independence of the United States from British rule. The late 18th century witnessed the expansion and acquisition of new territories by the United States. Over the years, new states were included and native Americans were displaced. By 1848, the nation covered a major part of North America. Slavery was legal in the Southern United States but was abolished with the victory of the Union over the Confederate states in the American Civil War (1861 - 1865). With the Spanish-American War and World War 1, the US emerged as a world power. The end of WW2 saw the US and the Soviet Union emerging as rival powers and engaging in proxy wars. But the two countries never entered into a direct confrontation. The Space Race was a competition between the two nations, and saw the US make a big leap when it sent the first humans to the moon. In 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed ending the Cold War and establishing the US as the world’s only superpower.

The US is a representative democracy and federal republic. It has three separate branches of government - a bicameral legislature, executive and judiciary. The country has played a pivotal role in the establishment of many leading organisations and is today the founding member of the International Monetary Fund, the United Nations, NATO, and World Bank, among others. The United States is also a permanent member of the UNSC. Over the years, people from all over the world have migrated to the United States making it a melting pot of cultures and ethnicities. The US is a great place to live because of the high standards of living and good quality higher education, low levels of corruption and high economic freedom. Though the country has a good human rights record, there are some issues for which the US has received criticism like inequality related to income and race, capital punishment among others.

The US is high developed and among the richest countries. It is the largest economy in the world in terms of GDP. According to estimates, the nation accounts for around a quarter of the world economy. It is the largest importer of goods in the world and in terms of exports ranks at the second place. It is the world’s leading military power. The country is also the world leader in the realm of politics, culture and science.

History of the United States

The history of the United States is a complex and multifaceted subject that covers a vast expanse of time and events. From the pre-colonial era to the present day, the United States has undergone numerous political, economic, social, and cultural changes, which have shaped the nation and its people. In this essay, we will explore the history of the United States, beginning with the pre-colonial era and concluding with the present-day.

Pre-Colonial Era

Before the arrival of Europeans in the Americas, the continent was inhabited by numerous indigenous cultures, each with its own unique customs and beliefs. These cultures varied widely in terms of their language, social organization, and technological advancement, but they all shared a deep connection to the land and a strong sense of community.

Among the most well-known indigenous cultures were the Aztecs, Incas, and Maya, who inhabited what is now Mexico and Central and South America. These cultures had developed complex political and social systems, as well as advanced architectural and engineering skills, which allowed them to build impressive cities and structures such as pyramids and temples.

In North America, the indigenous cultures were more diverse, ranging from the nomadic Plains Indians to the settled communities of the Northeast. These cultures relied on a variety of subsistence strategies, including hunting and gathering, agriculture, and fishing. They also had a rich spiritual tradition, which was often closely tied to the natural world.

European Colonization

The arrival of Europeans in the Americas in the late 15th century had a profound impact on the indigenous cultures of the continent. Europeans brought with them new technologies and ideas, as well as diseases that decimated indigenous populations.

The first European settlements in North America were established by the Spanish in the 16th century, primarily in what is now Mexico and the American Southwest. The Spanish were followed by the French and English, who established colonies along the Atlantic coast.

The English colonies, in particular, played a significant role in the development of the United States. These colonies were established primarily for economic reasons, with the aim of exploiting the natural resources of the New World. The first permanent English settlement was established at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.

Over the next century, the English colonies grew in size and number, as more and more Europeans emigrated to the New World. The colonies were characterized by a variety of political, social, and economic systems, with some being governed by royal charters and others being run by proprietors or religious groups.

The colonies also had a significant impact on the indigenous cultures of North America, as European settlers displaced and marginalized indigenous communities. This often led to violent conflicts, which persisted throughout the colonial period.

The American Revolution

The tensions between the American colonies and Great Britain came to a head in the 1770s, as the colonists grew increasingly frustrated with British taxation policies and other forms of oppression. In 1775, the colonists formed the Continental Army, led by George Washington, to resist British rule.

The following year, the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence, which declared the thirteen American colonies to be free and independent states. The Revolutionary War continued for several more years, with the colonists ultimately emerging victorious in 1783.

The formation of the United States as a new nation was a significant turning point in American history. It marked the end of British rule in the colonies and the beginning of a new era of American self-government.

The Early Republic

Following the American Revolution, the United States faced a variety of challenges as it worked to establish itself as a new nation. One of the most pressing issues was the question of how to organize the new government.

Constitutional Convention (1787): Delegates from 12 states (Rhode Island did not attend) convened in Philadelphia to draft a new constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation. The resulting document established a federal system of government with a balance of power among the three branches (legislative, executive, and judicial) and a system of checks and balances to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.

Ratification of the Constitution (1787-88): The Constitution was ratified by the required nine states and went into effect in 1789. The Bill of Rights, consisting of the first ten amendments to the Constitution, was added in 1791 to protect individual liberties.

George Washington's Presidency (1789-1797): Washington was elected as the first President of the United States and oversaw the establishment of many of the institutions of the federal government, including the creation of the Department of State, the Department of the Treasury, and the Judiciary Act of 1789.

Civil War (1861-1865): The North and South fought a brutal conflict over issues including states' rights, slavery, and secession. The Union emerged victorious, and slavery was abolished.

Reconstruction (1865-1877): Following the Civil War, the federal government attempted to rebuild the South and ensure civil rights for newly freed slaves through a series of laws and amendments, including the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments.

Gilded Age (1877-1900): This period saw rapid industrialization, urbanization, and economic growth, but also rampant corruption and social inequality. The era is characterized by the rise of big business, the formation of labor unions, and the emergence of new technologies.

Progressive Era (1900-1920): A period of reform and activism in response to the excesses of the Gilded Age. The movement focused on issues such as labor rights, women's suffrage, and regulation of big business.

World War I (1914-1918): The US entered the war on the side of the Allies in 1917 and played a key role in securing victory.

Roaring Twenties (1920-1929): A period of prosperity and cultural change, marked by economic growth, new forms of entertainment, and the rise of jazz and other art forms. Great Depression (1929-1939): The stock market crash of 1929 led to a decade-long economic crisis, marked by mass unemployment and widespread poverty. The New Deal, a series of government programs enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, sought to alleviate the suffering and reform the economy.

World War II (1939-1945): The US entered the war after the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 and played a leading role in the defeat of the Axis powers.

Cold War (1945-1991): A period of tension and competition between the US and the Soviet Union, marked by proxy wars, nuclear arms races, and ideological conflict.

Civil Rights Movement (1950s-1960s): A struggle for equality and justice for African Americans, marked by protests, boycotts, and legislative victories such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Vietnam War (1955-1975): A controversial conflict in which the US became involved to prevent the spread of communism in Southeast Asia. The war divided the country and led to mass protests and social unrest.

Following the Vietnam War, the United States experienced significant social and political changes, including the Civil Rights movement and the Watergate scandal. In the 1980s, President Ronald Reagan implemented conservative economic policies and played a key role in ending the Cold War with the Soviet Union.

In the 1990s, President Bill Clinton oversaw a period of economic growth and signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) into law. However, his presidency was also marred by scandal, including the Monica Lewinsky affair.

The 2000s saw the United States face significant challenges, including the September 11th terrorist attacks and the subsequent War on Terror. President George W. Bush oversaw the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq, leading to prolonged military engagements in both countries.

President Barack Obama was elected in 2008, becoming the first African American president of the United States. He oversaw the passage of the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare, and implemented policies aimed at combating climate change. His presidency was also marked by increased tensions with Russia and China.

In 2016, businessman and reality television star Donald Trump was elected president, promising to shake up Washington and implement conservative policies. His presidency was marked by controversy, including investigations into Russian interference in the 2016 election and his impeachment by the House of Representatives in 2019.

In 2020, the United States faced unprecedented challenges with the COVID-19 pandemic and widespread protests against racial injustice. President Joe Biden, who was inaugurated in January 2021, has promised to address these issues and unite the country. His administration has also prioritized climate change and infrastructure investment.

Geography of the United States

The United States comprises 50 states and 1 federal territory. Of these, 48 states are contiguous and cover a combined area of 3,119,885 square miles (8,080,470 square kilometres). Of 3,119,885 square miles, around 2,959,064 square miles is contiguous land. Hawaii is situated in central Pacific and covers an area of 10,931 square miles. The five regions of American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands are spread over an area of 9,185 square miles (23,789 square kilometres). The United States occupies the third place in size when according to land area. Russia occupies the first place, followed by China.

The United States ranks as the third or fourth largest country in the world according to area including both land and water. The Atlantic seacoast’s coastal plain opens up to deciduous forest and Piedmont’s rolling hills. The eastern seaboard is separated from the Great Lakes and the Midwest grasslands by the Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi-Missouri flows north-south and is ranked as the fourth largest river system in the world. The west comprises the prairie of the Great Plains while the southeast is a highland region.

The rocky Mountains are located west of the Great Plains. They extend North to South across the entire United States. In the state of Colorado, the Rocky Mountains peak around 14,000 feet. The Great Basin, Mojave and Chihuahua are located farther west. The Cascade and Sierra Nevada have an altitude of more than 14,000 feet and are situated in proximity to the Pacific coast. The lowest and highest points are in California. The two points are situated at a distance of 84 miles from each other. Denali in Alaska is the highest peak in the United States. It has an elevation of 20,310 feet. The Aleutian and Alexander Islands in Alaska are home to active volcanoes while Hawaii comprises volcanic islands.

The United States is amongst the biggest countries in the world and is home to a variety of climates. To 100th meridian’s east the climate can be characterised as humid subtropical in the south and humid continental in the north. The climate in the great Plains, which are situated west of 100th meridian, are characterised as semi-arid. The climate in most of the Western mountains is alpine. In the southeast the climate is desert, in Great Basin it is arid and in coastal California it is characterised as Mediterranean. In Washington, coastal Oregon and southern Alaska, the climate is oceanic.

The territories of the United States that are located on the border of the Gulf of Mexico are hurricane prone. Alaska has a polar climate, while Hawaii, the territories in the Pacific and the Caribbean and the southern portion of Florida have tropical climate. The United States became a member of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change in 2016. In 2020, the country left the agreement but again became a member in 2021.

States and Territories of the United States

The United States, which is also known as the United States or America, is a federal republic and is located in North America. The country is composed of 50 states, and 1 federal district. Other areas include five major territories and several islands. Washington D.C., which is a federal district, is the capital of the United States. Of these 50 states, 48 are contiguous and occur the area between Canada and Mexico. The two non-contiguous states are Alaska and Hawaii. While Hawaii is situated in the mid-pacific and is an archipelago, Alaska in situated in North America’s northwest corner. There are numerous territories that are situated in the Caribbean Sea and the pacific ocean.

Under the Constitution of the united States, the states are bestowed with various rights and powers. Some of these include ratifying constitutional amendments, organising elections, regulating intrastate commerce etc. Every state of the country has a government and a constitution. There are three branches of the government which include the legislature, executive and the judiciary. Every state is represented in the federal Congress. This is a bicameral legislature and comprises two bodies - The House of Representatives and the senate. Every state of the country irrespective of its size is represented by two senators. Meanwhile, the strength of the representatives is in proportion to the decennial census which has been recently constitutionally mandated. Every state has the right to appoint electors to vote in the Electoral College. Their number should be equal to that of the senators and representatives from that particular state. Electoral College elects the President of the country. As per the Article IV, Section 3, Clause 1 of the Constitution, the Congress has the right to admit new states into the Union. When the united States was established it consisted of just 13 states. But over the years the new states were admitted into the union and today the country has 50 states along with the federal district.

According to Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, the federal district, which is not part of any state, fall under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress. Prior to the passing of the 1973 District of Columbia Home Rule Act, the federal district did not comprise an elected local government. But the act delegated some powers to an elected council and mayor. Nevertheless, any law created by the council can be overturned by the or reviewed by the Congress. Further, the Congress also has a right to intervene in local affairs. The federal district is not represented in the senate because it is not a state. But, the residents of the district are represented in the House of Representatives through a non-voting delegate. The district can also select three electors to vote in the Electoral College. This right was bestowed on the district in 1961 following the ratification of the 23rd amendment.

The United States also exercises sovereignty over 14 territories. Of these five territories have a permanent nonmilitary population and include Guam, US Virgin Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, and Puerto Rico. The rest of the territories do not have a permanent, non military population. Of these 14 territories, 11 are located in the Pacific Ocean. Three territories, which include Puerto Rico, Navassa Island, and the US Virgin Island, are situated in the Caribbean. Palmyra Atoll is incorporated while the rest are not. This means that the Constitution only fully applies to Palmyra Atoll. Only four of the fourteen territories are organised while the rest are considered unorganised. The five territories that have a permanent population have limited autonomy. They also have a non-voting delegate in the US Congress. Though these five territories have territorial legislatures, the residents are not eligible to vote in federal elections.

California, which comprises a population of 39,512,223 people, is the most populated state of the country. Wyoming with a population of 582,658 people is the least populous state. In terms of area, Alaska is the largest state. It comprises an area of 665,384 square miles (1,723,340 km2). Rhode Island is the smallest state and covers an area of 1,545 square miles (4,000 km2). Delaware ratified the constitution on December 7, 1787, and was the first state to do so. Hawaii is the most recent state to be admitted to the Union. It was admitted on August 21, 1959. Of the territories, Puerto Rico is the largest and most populated state. It covers an area of 5,325 square miles (13,790 km2) and has a population of 3,725,789 people according to the 2010 census.

United States Government and Politics

The United States government and politics are complex systems that involve numerous institutions, processes, and actors. At its core, the US political system is built on the principles of representative democracy, where citizens elect officials to make decisions on their behalf. However, this simple idea is complicated by the many layers of government, the diverse perspectives of citizens and officials, and the impact of money and special interests on the political process. In this article, we will explore the US government and politics in greater detail, covering its structure, major institutions, and key issues.

Structure of the US Government

The US government is divided into three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The legislative branch is responsible for making laws and is comprised of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The executive branch is responsible for enforcing laws and is headed by the president, who is elected for a four-year term. Finally, the judicial branch is responsible for interpreting laws and is made up of the Supreme Court and other federal courts.

The Senate is composed of 100 senators, two from each state, while the House of Representatives has 435 members, with the number of representatives per state determined by population. Members of the House are elected every two years, while senators are elected for six-year terms. The president is elected through the Electoral College, which allocates votes based on the number of representatives and senators in each state.

Major Institutions of the US Government

The US government is made up of numerous institutions, each with its own responsibilities and powers. Some of the most important institutions include:

The White House: The White House is the official residence of the president of the United States. It is also the location of the president's offices and many of the offices of the executive branch.

Congress: Congress is the legislative branch of the US government and is responsible for making laws. It is divided into two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives.

The Supreme Court: The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land and is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and federal laws.

The Department of State: The Department of State is responsible for US foreign policy, including diplomatic relations with other countries.

The Department of Defense: The Department of Defense is responsible for the US military and ensuring national security.

The Federal Reserve: The Federal Reserve is the central bank of the United States and is responsible for monetary policy.

The Internal Revenue Service: The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is responsible for collecting taxes and enforcing tax laws.

Key Issues in US Politics

The US political landscape is shaped by numerous issues, some of which are perennial while others are more recent. Here are a few of the most significant issues in US politics today: Healthcare: The US healthcare system is a hotly debated topic, with arguments over the affordability and accessibility of healthcare for all citizens.

Climate change: With a global push towards environmental sustainability, US politics have been focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and investing in renewable energy sources.

Immigration: The US has been grappling with immigration policies, including debates over border security, legal status for undocumented immigrants, and the role of immigrants in the economy.

Gun control: There have been multiple mass shootings in the US, leading to debates over gun control laws and the Second Amendment.

Social justice: Protests and movements for social justice have been a prominent issue in US politics, with discussions about police reform, racial inequality, and LGBTQ+ rights.

Economic inequality: There are ongoing debates over income inequality, taxation policies, and the role of government in ensuring economic equity.

Foreign relations: The US has had a tumultuous relationship with some countries, with debates over foreign policy, international trade agreements, and military intervention.

These are just some of the key issues in US politics, and the debates surrounding them are ongoing and complex.

States of the United States of America

S.N.	State	State-hood	Capital	Area (mi²)	Population (2019 est.)	GDP in the 4th quarter of 2019	GDP % of Nation	GDP per capita	Region	Number of Reps.
1	Alabama	1819	Montgomery	52,420	198,525	234,054	1.1	47,735	South	7
2	Alaska	1959	Juneau	665,384	32,113	55,759	0.3	76,220	West	1
3	Arizona	1912	Phoenix	113,990	1,680,992	372,522	1.7	51,179	West	9
4	Arkansas	1836	Little Rock	53,179	197,312	135,225	0.6	44,808	South	4
5	California	1850	Sacramento	163,695	513,624	3,183,251	14.6	80,563	West	53
6	Colorado	1876	Denver	104,094	727,211	396,367	1.8	68,828	West	7
7	Connecticut	1788	Hartford	5,543	122,105	288,985	1.3	81,055	Northeast	5
8	Delaware	1787	Dover	2,489	38,079	76,410	0.4	78,468	Northeast	1
9	Florida	1845	Tallahassee	65,758	194,500	1,111,378	5.1	51,745	South	27
10	Georgia	1788	Atlanta	59,425	506,811	625,329	2.9	58,896	South	14
11	Hawaii	1959	Honolulu	10,932	345,064	98,536	0.5	69,593	West	2
12	Idaho	1890	Boise	83,569	228,959	82,265	0.4	46,043	West	2
13	Illinois	1818	Springfield	57,914	114,230	908,913	4.2	71,727	Midwest	18
14	Indiana	1816	Indianapolis	36,420	876,384	381,733	1.8	56,702	Midwest	9
15	Iowa	1846	Des Moines	56,273	214,237	197,172	0.9	62,493	Midwest	4
16	Kansas	1861	Topeka	82,278	125,310	175,703	0.8	60,310	Midwest	4
17	Kentucky	1792	Frankfort	40,408	27,679	217,564	1	48,697	South	6
18	Louisiana	1812	Baton Rouge	52,378	220,236	267,051	1.2	57,445	South	6
19	Maine	1820	Augusta	35,380	18,681	68,441	0.3	50,915	Northeast	2
20	Maryland	1788	Annapolis	12,406	39,174	434,312	2	71,838	Northeast	8
21	Massachusetts	1788	Boston	10,554	692,600	604,208	2.8	86,942	Northeast	9
22	Michigan	1837	Lansing	96,714	118,210	548,567	2.5	54,928	Midwest	14
23	Minnesota	1858	Saint Paul	86,936	308,096	385,907	1.8	68,427	Midwest	8
24	Mississippi	1817	Jackson	48,432	160,628	120,429	0.6	40,464	South	4
25	Missouri	1821	Jefferson City	69,707	42,838	336,816	1.6	54,879	Midwest	8
26	Montana	1889	Helena	147,040	32,315	52,948	0.2	49,540	West	1
27	Nebraska	1867	Lincoln	77,348	289,102	129,098	0.6	66,737	Midwest	3
28	Nevada	1864	Carson City	110,572	55,916	180,406	0.8	58,570	West	4
29	New Hampshire	1788	Concord	9,349	43,412	89,836	0.4	66,069	Northeast	2
30	New Jersey	1787	Trenton	8,723	83,203	652,412	3	73,451	Northeast	12
31	New Mexico	1912	Santa Fe	121,590	84,683	105,263	0.5	50,201	West	3
32	New York	1788	Albany	54,555	96,460	1,751,674	8.1	90,043	Northeast	27
33	North Carolina	1789	Raleigh	53,819	474,069	596,383	2.7	56,862	South	13
34	North Dakota	1889	Bismarck	70,698	73,529	57,400	0.3	75,321	Midwest	1
35	Ohio	1803	Columbus	44,826	898,553	706,764	3.3	60,464	Midwest	16
36	Oklahoma	1907	Oklahoma City	69,899	655,057	207,381	1	52,409	South	5
37	Oregon	1859	Salem	98,379	174,365	255,418	1.2	60,558	West	5
38	Pennsylvania	1787	Harrisburg	46,054	49,528	824,603	3.8	64,412	Northeast	18
39	Rhode Island	1790	Providence	1,545	179,883	64,441	0.3	60,830	Northeast	2
40	South Carolina	1788	Columbia	32,020	131,674	249,958	1.2	48,547	South	7
41	South Dakota	1889	Pierre	77,116	13,646	54,057	0.3	61,104	Midwest	1
42	Tennessee	1796	Nashville	42,144	670,820	385,741	1.8	56,451	South	9
43	Texas	1845	Austin	268,596	978,908	1,918,065	8.8	66,149	South	36
44	Utah	1896	Salt Lake City	84,897	200,567	192,013	0.9	59,892	West	4
45	Vermont	1791	Montpelier	9,616	7,855	35,271	0.2	56,525	Northeast	1
46	Virginia	1788	Richmond	42,775	230,436	561,846	2.6	65,824	South	11
47	Washington	1889	Olympia	71,298	46,478	610,488	2.8	80,170	West	10
48	West Virginia	1863	Charleston	24,230	46,536	78,507	0.4	43,806	South	3
49	Wisconsin	1848	Madison	65,496	259,680	351,922	1.6	60,425	Midwest	8
50	Wyoming	1890	Cheyenne	97,813	64,235	39,794	0.2	68,757	West	1

Federal District

Federal District	Abr.	Established	Population (2019 est.)	Total Area (mi²)	Total Area (km²)	GDP in the 4th quarter of 2019	GDP % of Nation	GDP per capita	Region	Number of Reps.
District of Columbia	DC	Jul 16, 1790	705,749	68	176	148,231	0.7	210,033	Northeast	1

Territories of United States of America

Inhabited Territories of the United States

S.N.	Inhabited territories	Abr.	Capital	Acquired	Territorial Status	Population (2015 est.)	Total Area (mi²)	Total Area (km²)	GDP in the 4th quarter of 2019	GDP % of Nation	GDP per capita	Region	Number of Reps.
1	American Samoa	AS	Pago Pago	1900	Unincorporated, unorganized	57,400	581	1,505	636	0.003	11,200	West	1
2	Guam	GU	Hagåtña	1899	Unincorporated, organized	161,700	571	1,478	5,920	0.03	35,600	West	1
3	Northern Mariana Islands	MP	Saipan	1986	Unincorporated, organized	52,300	1,976	5,117	1,323	0.006	24,500	West	1
4	Puerto Rico	PR	San Juan	1899	Unincorporated, organized	3,193,694	5,325	13,791	104,989	0.48	31,651	South	1
5	U.S. Virgin Islands	VI	Charlotte Amalie	1917	Unincorporated, organized	103,700	733	1,898	3,855	0.02	37,000	South	1

Uninhabited Territories

Territories of the United States of America with no indigenous population

S.N.	Name	Acquired	Territorial Status	Land Area (mi²)	Land Area (km²)
1	Baker Island	1856	Unincorporated; unorganized	0.9	2.2
2	Howland Island	1858	Unincorporated, unorganized	0.6	1.6
3	Jarvis Island	1856	Unincorporated, unorganized	2.2	5.7
4	Johnston Atoll	1859	Unincorporated, unorganized	1	2.6
5	Kingman Reef	1860	Unincorporated, unorganized	0.005	0.01
6	Midway Atoll	1867	Unincorporated, unorganized	3	7.8
7	Navassa Island	1858	Unincorporated, unorganized	3	7.8
8	Palmyra Atoll	1898	Incorporated, unorganized	1.5	3.9
9	Wake Island	1899	Unincorporated, unorganized	2.5	6.5

Disputed Territories

Territories claimed but not administered by the United States of America

S.N.	Name	Claimed	Territorial Status	Total Area (mi²)	Total Area (km²)	Administered by	Also claimed by
1	Bajo Nuevo Bank (Petrel Island)	1869	Unincorporated, unorganized (disputed sovereignty)	56	145	Colombia	Jamaica, Nicaragua
2	Serranilla Bank	1880	Unincorporated, unorganized (disputed sovereignty)	463	1,200	Colombia	Honduras, Nicaragua

U.S. Total

S.N.	Total	Total Area (mi²)	Total Area (km²)	Population estimate, July 1, 2019
1	Contiguous United States	3,120,426.47	8,081,867	325,386,357
2	50 States	3,796,676.00	9,833,342	327,533,795
3	50 states and District of Columbia	3,796,742.23	9,833,517	328,239,523
4	Total U.S. (including D.C. and territories)	3,805,943.26	9,857,348	331,808,807

Facts about USA

Facts about United States
Chief Justice	John Roberts
Government	Federal Presidential Constitutional Republic
House Speaker	Nancy Pelosi (Democratic Party)
Legislature	Congress
Lower House	House of Representatives
President	Joe Biden (Democratic Party)
Upper House	Senate
Vice President	Kamala Harris (Democratic Party)
Confederation	March 1, 1781
Constitution	June 21, 1788
Declaration	July 4, 1776
Independence from	Great Britain
Last State Admitted	August 21, 1959
Treaty of Paris	September 3, 1783
Total Area	3,796,742 square miles (9,833,520 square kilometers)
Total Land Area	3,531,905 square miles (9,147,590 square kilometers)
Water (%)	4.66%
GDP (Nominal) 2022 Estimate	Total: $24.8 Trillion, GDP Per Capita: $74,725
GDP (PPP) 2022 Estimate	Total: $24.8 Trillion, GDP Per Capita: $74,725
Gini (2020)	48.5
HDI (2019)	0.926
Highest Point	Denali 6,190 meters (Mount McKinley) (highest point in the continent of North America)
Lowest Point	Death Valley (lowest point in the continent of North America) -86 meters
Mean Elevation	760 meters
Anthem	The Star-Spangled Banner
Birth Rate (2021 estimate)	12.33 births/1,000 population
Border Countries	Canada 8,891 kilometers (including 2,475 kilometers with Alaska), Mexico 3,111 kilometers
Calling Code	+1
Capital	Washington, D.C.
Coastline	19,924 kilometers
Currency	U.S. Dollar ($) or USD
Death Rate (2021 estimate)	8.35 deaths/1,000 population
Demonym(s)	American
Driving Side	Right
Education Expenditures	5% of GDP
Ethnic Groups (2020)	By Race: 61.6% White, 12.4% Black, 6.0% Asian, 1.1% Native American, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 10.2% Multiracial and 8.4% Other; By Hispanic or Latino Origin: 81.3% Non-Hispanic or Latino, 18.7% Hispanic or Latino
Geographic Coordinates	38 00 N, 97 00 W
Internet Country Code	.us
Irrigated Land	264,000 square kilometers
ISO 3166 Code	US
Land Boundaries	Total: 12,002 kilometers
Land Use	Agricultural Land: Total: 44.5%, Arable Land: 16.8%, Permanent Crops: 0.3%, Permanent Pasture: 27.4% ; Forest: 33.3% ; and Other: 22.2%
Largest City	New York City
Motto	In God We Trust
National Language	English (de facto)
National Symbol(s)	Bald Eagle ; National Colors: Red, White, Blue
Population	2021 Estimate: 331,893,745 ; 2020 Census: 331,449,281 ; Population Density: 87/sq mi (33.6/km2)
Religion (2021)	63% Christianity, 40% Protestantism, 21% Catholicism, 2% Other Christian, 28% No religion, 6% Other, 2% Unanswered
Time Zone	UTC-4 to -12, +10, +11 ; Summer (DST): UTC-4 to -10
Date Format	mm/dd/yyyy
Net Migration Rate (2021 estimate)	3.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Economy of the United States

The economy of the United States is the largest national economy in the world. It is a mixed economy, which means it combines elements of capitalism and socialism. The US economy is driven by a variety of sectors, including services, manufacturing, and agriculture. In this article, we will take a closer look at the history, current state, and future of the US economy.

History of the US Economy

The United States' economy has come a long way since its colonial beginnings. In the early 17th century, the economy was based on subsistence agriculture, but as the colonies grew, trade became more important. The American Revolution and the subsequent formation of the United States led to a shift towards manufacturing and industry. By the mid-19th century, the US had become a major industrial power, and the economy continued to grow throughout the 20th century.

The Great Depression of the 1930s had a profound impact on the US economy. The government responded with the New Deal, a series of policies aimed at stimulating economic growth and providing relief to those affected by the depression. The post-World War II period saw the US emerge as a superpower and a leader in global trade. The country experienced sustained economic growth through the 1950s and 1960s, but the 1970s were marked by stagflation, a period of high inflation and low economic growth.

The 1980s and 1990s saw the US economy bounce back, with policies focused on deregulation, tax cuts, and privatization. The 2008 financial crisis, however, had a major impact on the economy, leading to a recession and high unemployment. The government responded with stimulus packages and policies aimed at stabilizing the financial system.

Current State of the US Economy

The US economy is currently the largest in the world, with a GDP of over $22 trillion in 2020. It is a mixed economy, with a large private sector and significant government involvement in areas such as healthcare, education, and social welfare. The US is also a leader in international trade, with a strong presence in industries such as technology, finance, and entertainment.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the US economy, leading to widespread unemployment and a sharp contraction in GDP. The government responded with a series of stimulus packages, including direct payments to individuals and loans to small businesses. The economy has since rebounded, with GDP growth of 4.3% in the fourth quarter of 2020 and 6.4% in the first quarter of 2021.

The US economy faces a number of challenges, however, including rising income inequality, high levels of debt, and a widening trade deficit. The government is also grappling with issues such as healthcare reform, climate change, and infrastructure investment.

Future of the US Economy

The future of the US economy is difficult to predict, but there are a number of trends that are likely to shape its trajectory. One of these is the continued growth of the technology sector, which has been a major driver of economic growth in recent years. The US is home to some of the world's largest technology companies, including Apple, Amazon, Google, and Facebook.

Another trend is the growing importance of renewable energy and sustainability. The Biden administration has made climate change a priority, and the US is likely to invest heavily in renewable energy infrastructure in the coming years. This could create new jobs and boost economic growth.

The US economy is also likely to face challenges in the coming years, including an aging population, rising healthcare costs, and increased competition from emerging economies such as China. The government will need to develop policies that address these challenges while promoting economic growth and stability.

Demographics of the United States

The United States is a large and diverse country, with a population that is constantly changing due to various factors such as births, deaths, immigration, and emigration. Understanding the demographics of the United States is crucial for policymakers, researchers, and businesses to make informed decisions. In this article, we will explore the demographics of the United States in detail.

Population Size and Growth

As of 2021, the population of the United States is estimated to be around 332 million people, making it the third most populous country in the world, behind China and India. The population of the United States has been growing steadily since the country's founding, with the exception of a brief decline during the Great Depression.

The current population growth rate of the United States is relatively low, with an estimated annual growth rate of 0.59% as of 2021. This is largely due to a combination of factors, including a declining birth rate and aging population, and a decrease in immigration.

Age and Gender

The age and gender distribution of the United States population has undergone significant changes in recent decades. As of 2021, the median age of the population is around 38 years old, up from 32 years old in 1990. This increase in median age is largely due to the aging of the baby boomer generation, as well as a decrease in the birth rate.

In terms of gender, the United States population is roughly split evenly between males and females, with women making up around 51% of the population. However, there are some notable differences in age distribution between the two genders. For example, women tend to live longer than men, so the population of elderly individuals is disproportionately female.

Ethnicity and Race

The United States has a diverse population in terms of ethnicity and race. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2021, the largest racial/ethnic groups in the United States are:

White alone: 60.1%
Hispanic or Latino: 18.5%
Black or African American: 12.4%
Asian: 5.9%
Two or more races: 2.8%
Native American or Alaska Native: 0.9%
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander: 0.2%
It's worth noting that these categories are not mutually exclusive, and individuals may identify as belonging to multiple racial/ethnic groups. Additionally, there is significant diversity within these categories, with people of different nationalities, cultures, and languages making up these groups.

Religion

Religion is an important part of many people's lives in the United States, with a wide variety of faiths represented. According to a 2021 survey by the Pew Research Center, the religious affiliations of the U.S. population are:

Christian: 63%
Unaffiliated: 26%
Jewish: 2%
Muslim: 1%
Buddhist: 1%
Hindu: 1%
Other: 6%
It's worth noting that these numbers can vary significantly depending on the specific survey methodology and questions asked. Additionally, religious beliefs and practices can be highly personal, and individuals may identify with multiple religious traditions or none at all.

Education

Education is an important factor in the demographics of the United States, as it is closely linked to economic opportunity and social mobility. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2021, the educational attainment of the population is:

Less than high school diploma: 8.4%
High school graduate or equivalent: 27.4%
Some college or associate's degree: 30.9%
Bachelor's degree or higher: 33.3%

Transportation in the United States

Transportation in the United States is a vast and complex system that plays a crucial role in the country's economy, social fabric, and day-to-day life. The United States is a vast country that spans over 3.7 million square miles and has a population of over 331 million people. Transportation is essential in connecting people and goods across the vast expanse of the country, and it is critical to the nation's economic growth and development.

The United States has an extensive transportation network that includes highways, railroads, airports, ports, and public transportation systems. The transportation system is a complex web of infrastructure and services that connects the country's urban and rural areas, facilitating the movement of goods, people, and ideas.

Highways

The United States has one of the world's most extensive highway systems, with over 164,000 miles of highways and freeways. The interstate highway system, developed in the 1950s, was designed to connect the country's major cities and regions and facilitate the movement of goods and people across the country. The interstate system is the backbone of the country's highway system and is maintained by the federal government in partnership with state and local governments.

Railroads

The railroad system is another critical component of the United States transportation network, with over 140,000 miles of railroads. The railroads were instrumental in the country's westward expansion, connecting the eastern and western coasts and enabling the movement of goods and people across the country. Today, the railroads play a vital role in transporting freight, including raw materials, finished goods, and consumer products, across the country. Passenger rail service in the United States is limited, with Amtrak providing the majority of intercity passenger rail service.

Airports

The United States has the world's largest airport system, with over 19,000 airports, including 5,000 public airports. The country's airports are a critical part of the transportation network, connecting people and goods to destinations across the country and around the world. The major airports in the United States are located in major metropolitan areas and serve as gateways to the rest of the country. Air travel is a crucial component of the country's economy, facilitating business travel, tourism, and trade.

Ports

The United States has over 300 ports that handle over 2 billion tons of cargo each year. The country's ports are essential for the import and export of goods, facilitating trade with other countries and contributing to the country's economic growth. The major ports are located on the East Coast, West Coast, and Gulf Coast and serve as gateways to the rest of the country.

Public Transportation

Public transportation is an essential part of the transportation network, providing access to jobs, education, healthcare, and other services for millions of Americans. Public transportation includes buses, trains, light rail, and subways, and is provided by a combination of public and private operators. The major metropolitan areas have extensive public transportation systems, with New York City's subway system being the largest in the country.

Challenges

Despite the extensive transportation network in the United States, the system faces several challenges. The country's highways and bridges are in need of repair and replacement, and funding for maintenance and construction has been a challenge for federal and state governments. The country's rail system faces significant competition from trucking, and the passenger rail system is underdeveloped compared to other countries. The air traffic control system is outdated and in need of modernization, and the country's airports are facing capacity constraints. Finally, the country's public transportation systems face funding challenges and are often underutilized outside of major metropolitan areas.

Education in the United States

Education in the United States is a complex system that has evolved over centuries to provide an array of educational opportunities for individuals from all backgrounds. The system includes a range of institutions, from public and private schools, to colleges and universities, to vocational and technical training programs.

The earliest schools in the United States were established by religious groups in the 17th century. These schools were intended to provide education for the children of settlers and to teach them religious principles. The first public schools were established in the mid-19th century, as states began to see education as a means of promoting social order and economic growth.

Today, education in the United States is mandatory for children between the ages of 6 and 18, and public schools are supported by taxes collected by state and local governments. The quality of education in the United States varies widely depending on the school district, with some schools consistently performing at high levels and others struggling to provide basic resources.

One of the key challenges facing the U.S. education system is the achievement gap, which refers to the disparity in academic performance between different groups of students. This gap is particularly pronounced between students from low-income families and those from more affluent backgrounds, with the former often receiving fewer educational resources and support.

To address these challenges, policymakers and educators have implemented a variety of programs and initiatives aimed at improving education outcomes. One such initiative is the No Child Left Behind Act, which was signed into law in 2001. This law required schools to administer annual standardized tests to measure student performance and mandated consequences for schools that consistently performed poorly.

More recently, the Obama administration implemented the Common Core State Standards, which provide a set of consistent, clear learning goals in mathematics and English language arts for students in kindergarten through 12th grade. The goal of these standards is to ensure that all students are prepared for college and careers in the 21st century.

Beyond K-12 education, the United States has a robust system of higher education. There are over 4,000 colleges and universities in the United States, including public and private institutions. Higher education in the United States is generally considered to be among the best in the world, with many of the top universities located in the country.

However, access to higher education is not equal for all students. The cost of college tuition has risen significantly in recent decades, making it difficult for many students to afford higher education. To address this issue, the federal government and many states have implemented programs aimed at making college more affordable, including grants, loans, and scholarships.

In addition to traditional college and university programs, there are also a variety of vocational and technical training programs available to students. These programs provide hands-on training in fields such as healthcare, construction, and information technology, and can lead to high-paying jobs in growing industries.

Overall, education in the United States is a complex system with many challenges and opportunities. While there are still many areas for improvement, policymakers and educators continue to work to ensure that all students have access to high-quality education and the opportunity to reach their full potential.

Health Care in the United States

Healthcare in the United States is a complex and contentious issue that has been the subject of intense debate for decades. Despite being one of the wealthiest and most technologically advanced countries in the world, the US healthcare system is characterized by high costs, uneven access, and variable quality of care.

History of Healthcare in the United States

The history of healthcare in the United States dates back to the colonial era when medical care was provided primarily by private physicians and community institutions such as churches and charities. During the 19th century, medical schools and hospitals were established, and the advent of germ theory and medical science revolutionized healthcare practices. The 20th century saw the rise of health insurance as a means of financing medical care, with the establishment of employer-based insurance programs during World War II.

In the 1960s, the federal government became more involved in healthcare through the establishment of Medicare and Medicaid, which provided health insurance coverage for the elderly and low-income individuals, respectively. Despite these efforts, however, the US healthcare system remained fragmented and inefficient, with high costs and uneven access to care.

The Affordable Care Act

In 2010, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was passed, also known as Obamacare. The ACA aimed to increase access to healthcare by expanding Medicaid, establishing health insurance marketplaces, and requiring insurers to cover pre-existing conditions. The law also included measures to reduce healthcare costs, such as requiring insurers to spend at least 80% of premiums on medical care and investing in preventive care.

Despite these efforts, the ACA has faced significant opposition and criticism, with some arguing that it has led to increased healthcare costs and decreased access to care. In 2017, the Trump administration sought to repeal and replace the ACA, but these efforts were unsuccessful.

Current Healthcare System

Today, the US healthcare system is characterized by a complex mix of public and private providers and payers. Medicare and Medicaid remain the largest public health insurance programs, providing coverage for millions of Americans. Private insurance is also widely used, with many individuals receiving coverage through their employers.

Despite these programs, however, many Americans remain uninsured or underinsured, with high out-of-pocket costs for medical care. This has led to significant disparities in access to care, with low-income and minority populations often experiencing worse health outcomes.

The US healthcare system is also characterized by high costs, with the US spending significantly more on healthcare than other developed countries. These high costs are driven by a variety of factors, including the high cost of medical procedures and prescription drugs, administrative costs associated with private insurance, and the high prevalence of chronic diseases.

Efforts to Reform the Healthcare System

Efforts to reform the US healthcare system have been ongoing for decades, with various proposals and initiatives aimed at improving access, quality, and affordability of care. Some proposals have focused on expanding public insurance programs, such as Medicare for All, while others have focused on improving the efficiency of the current system through measures such as price transparency and value-based care.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted many of the challenges facing the US healthcare system, including disparities in access to care and the need for increased investment in public health infrastructure. The pandemic has also led to increased attention on the importance of preventive care and the need for better coordination and integration of care.

Healthcare in the United States is a complex and multifaceted issue that has been the subject of ongoing debate and reform efforts. While progress has been made in expanding access to care and reducing costs, significant challenges remain, including disparities in access and quality of care. As the US continues to grapple with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the changing landscape of healthcare, the need for continued reform and innovation in the healthcare system is more important than ever.

Culture and Society in the United States

Culture and society in the United States are shaped by a variety of factors, including history, geography, politics, economics, and social movements. As a result, the United States is a diverse and complex country with a rich cultural heritage that is constantly evolving.

One of the defining features of American culture is its diversity. The United States is home to people of many different ethnicities, religions, and backgrounds. This diversity is reflected in the country's music, art, literature, and cuisine. The United States is also home to many different subcultures, including surfers, hipsters, and gamers, among others.

At the same time, American culture is characterized by a set of shared values and beliefs. These values include individualism, democracy, equality, and freedom. American society places a high value on personal freedom and autonomy, and this is reflected in the country's laws and institutions.

American culture is also shaped by its history. The United States has a complex and often difficult history, including colonization, slavery, and ongoing struggles for civil rights. This history is reflected in the country's cultural institutions, such as museums and historical landmarks, as well as in its literature and art.

Another important factor shaping American culture is its geography. The United States is a large and diverse country, with different regions having distinct cultural identities. For example, the Northeast is known for its intellectual and cultural institutions, while the South is known for its hospitality and traditional values. The West Coast is known for its laid-back, progressive culture, while the Midwest is known for its strong work ethic and conservative values.

Politics and economics also play a role in shaping American culture and society. The United States is a capitalist society, and this is reflected in the country's emphasis on consumerism and individual achievement. The political system in the United States is characterized by a two-party system, with Democrats and Republicans holding differing views on issues such as the role of government, taxes, and social issues.

Social movements have also had a significant impact on American culture and society. The civil rights movement of the 1960s, for example, led to significant changes in laws and attitudes towards racial discrimination. The feminist movement of the 1970s brought attention to issues such as gender inequality and reproductive rights. The LGBTQ+ rights movement has also led to significant changes in laws and attitudes towards same-sex marriage and discrimination.

Culture and society in the United States are shaped by a variety of factors, including history, geography, politics, economics, and social movements. The result is a diverse and complex country with a rich cultural heritage that is constantly evolving. While American culture is characterized by a set of shared values and beliefs, it is also defined by its diversity, with people of many different ethnicities, religions, and backgrounds contributing to the country's cultural landscape.

Sports in the United States

Sports in the United States are an integral part of the country's culture and society. With a population of over 328 million people, the United States boasts a diverse and extensive sports scene that includes a wide range of professional and amateur sports. From basketball to football, baseball to hockey, and soccer to tennis, sports in the United States offer something for everyone.

One of the most popular sports in the United States is football. American football is a unique version of the sport, with its own set of rules and regulations. The National Football League (NFL) is the premier professional football league in the United States and is widely followed by fans across the country. The NFL season culminates in the Super Bowl, which is one of the most-watched annual events in the world.

Another popular sport in the United States is basketball. The National Basketball Association (NBA) is the top professional basketball league in the country, and features some of the most talented and recognizable athletes in the world. The NBA season runs from October to June, with the NBA Finals serving as the climax of the season.

Baseball is another sport that has a deep-rooted history in the United States. The Major League Baseball (MLB) is the top professional baseball league in the country, with 30 teams across two leagues. The MLB season runs from March to October, culminating in the World Series, which is the championship series of the league.

Hockey is another popular sport in the United States, particularly in northern regions where colder temperatures allow for outdoor ice rinks. The National Hockey League (NHL) is the top professional hockey league in the country, featuring teams from both the United States and Canada. The NHL season runs from October to June, with the Stanley Cup Finals serving as the culmination of the season.

Soccer is also gaining in popularity in the United States. Major League Soccer (MLS) is the top professional soccer league in the country, and features teams from across the United States and Canada. The MLS season runs from March to November, with the MLS Cup serving as the championship game.

In addition to these major sports, the United States also has a thriving amateur sports scene. High school and college sports are a major part of the sports culture in the United States, with football and basketball being particularly popular at the college level.

Sports in the United States also play a significant role in the country's economy. The major professional sports leagues generate billions of dollars in revenue each year, and the sports industry as a whole provides jobs for millions of people.

Beyond the economic impact, sports in the United States also have a significant social and cultural impact. Sports bring people together and provide a sense of community, and they can serve as a powerful tool for promoting social change and addressing social issues.

In recent years, the sports world has been at the forefront of social activism, with athletes using their platforms to speak out on issues such as racial injustice, gender equality, and LGBTQ+ rights. Sports have also played a role in promoting physical fitness and healthy lifestyles, with many organizations and initiatives aimed at getting people more active and involved in sports.

Sports in the United States are a major part of the country's culture and identity. Whether as a fan or a participant, sports offer something for everyone and play an important role in the country's social, cultural, and economic fabric.

Flora and Fauna in the United States

The United States is home to an incredibly diverse array of flora and fauna, with a range of different ecosystems, climates, and topographies creating a varied landscape that supports a wide range of plant and animal life. From the towering peaks of the Rocky Mountains to the lush forests of the Pacific Northwest, from the deserts of the Southwest to the wetlands of the Southeast, the United States boasts an incredible wealth of natural resources that are both beautiful and vital to the health of the planet.

Flora

There are a staggering number of plant species that can be found throughout the United States, including both native and non-native species. Some of the most iconic plants found in the US include:

Redwood Trees

The giant sequoia trees, also known as redwoods, are some of the tallest trees in the world, reaching heights of over 300 feet. These trees are found in California and are a symbol of the state's natural beauty.

Saguaro Cactus

The saguaro cactus is found in the Sonoran Desert and can live for over 150 years. These iconic cacti can grow up to 50 feet tall and are a symbol of the American Southwest.

Venus Flytrap

The Venus flytrap is a carnivorous plant found in the wetlands of the Carolinas. The plant uses its specialized leaves to capture insects, which it then digests for nutrients.

Joshua Tree

The Joshua tree is a type of yucca tree found in the Mojave Desert. These trees can grow up to 40 feet tall and are known for their distinctive, spiky leaves.

Bald Cypress

The bald cypress is a large tree found in the swamps of the southeastern United States. The tree's unique "knees," which protrude from the roots, help it to survive in wetland environments.

Fauna

The United States is also home to a wide range of animal species, from tiny insects to massive mammals. Some of the most iconic American animals include:

Bald Eagle

The bald eagle is a symbol of American freedom and is the national bird of the United States. These large birds of prey are found throughout North America and are known for their striking white head and tail feathers.

American Bison

The American bison, also known as the buffalo, is an iconic symbol of the American West. These massive mammals can weigh up to 2,000 pounds and once roamed the Great Plains in massive herds.

Grizzly Bear

The grizzly bear is a formidable predator found in the western United States and Alaska. These massive bears can weigh up to 1,500 pounds and are known for their sharp claws and teeth.

Alligator

The American alligator is a large reptile found in the swamps and wetlands of the southeastern United States. These powerful predators can grow up to 14 feet long and are known for their distinctive, toothy jaws.

Gray Wolf

The gray wolf is a keystone species that once roamed much of North America. While their populations have been greatly reduced, efforts are being made to reintroduce these important predators to their native habitats.

Conservation Efforts

The United States has a long history of conservation efforts aimed at protecting its diverse flora and fauna. The National Park Service was established in 1916 to protect and preserve the country's natural and cultural resources, and today there are over 400 national parks, monuments, and historic sites across the country. In addition to the National Park Service, there are a number of other government agencies and non-profit organizations working to protect and conserve America's natural resources, including the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Nature Conservancy, and the Sierra Club.