American Civil War Map



About American Civil War Map

Explore US civil war map showing map of confederate states / civil war states, it was a civil war in the U.S. which was fought between the U.S. (the North or Union), and the South (Confederacy), which was created by states that seceded.



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List of Notable American Civil War Battles

Battle Name Date Location Victor Description
Battle of Fort Sumter April 12–13, 1861 Charleston Harbor, South Carolina Confederate The bombardment and surrender of Fort Sumter marked the beginning of the Civil War.
First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas) July 21, 1861 Manassas, Virginia Confederate The first major land battle of the war, resulting in a Confederate victory and a chaotic retreat of Union forces.
Battle of Shiloh April 6–7, 1862 Hardin County, Tennessee Union A bloody battle with heavy casualties on both sides; the Union emerged victorious.
Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg) September 17, 1862 Sharpsburg, Maryland Inconclusive (Strategic Union Victory) The bloodiest single-day battle in American history; led to the Emancipation Proclamation.
Battle of Fredericksburg December 11–15, 1862 Fredericksburg, Virginia Confederate Noted for its intense urban combat and significant Union casualties.
Battle of Chancellorsville April 30 – May 6, 1863 Spotsylvania County, Virginia Confederate Considered General Lee's greatest victory, but resulted in the mortal wounding of Stonewall Jackson.
Battle of Gettysburg July 1–3, 1863 Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Union The turning point of the war; the Union repelled Lee's invasion of the North.
Siege of Vicksburg May 18 – July 4, 1863 Vicksburg, Mississippi Union Gave the Union control of the Mississippi River, effectively splitting the Confederacy.
Battle of Chickamauga September 19–20, 1863 Walker County, Georgia Confederate Marked the end of a Union offensive in southeastern Tennessee and northwestern Georgia.
Battle of Chattanooga November 23–25, 1863 Chattanooga, Tennessee Union Opened the Deep South to Union invasion after breaking the Confederate siege.
Battle of the Wilderness May 5–7, 1864 Spotsylvania County, Virginia Inconclusive Characterized by fierce combat in dense woods, resulting in heavy casualties.
Battle of Spotsylvania Court House May 8–21, 1864 Spotsylvania County, Virginia Inconclusive Notable for brutal trench warfare and the infamous "Bloody Angle."
Battle of Cold Harbor May 31 – June 12, 1864 Hanover County, Virginia Confederate Remembered for its frontal assaults against fortified positions, resulting in high Union casualties.
Siege of Petersburg June 1864 – April 1865 Petersburg, Virginia Union A prolonged series of battles around Petersburg, leading to the fall of Richmond.
Battle of Appomattox Court House April 9, 1865 Appomattox County, Virginia Union Resulted in General Lee's surrender to General Grant, effectively ending the war.


Union, Confederate, and Border States in the American Civil War

State Affiliation Slavery Status Year Admitted to Union Border State
California Union Free 1850 No
Connecticut Union Free 1788 No
Delaware Union Slave 1787 Yes
Illinois Union Free 1818 No
Indiana Union Free 1816 No
Iowa Union Free 1846 No
Kansas Union Free 1861 No
Kentucky Union Slave 1792 Yes
Maine Union Free 1820 No
Maryland Union Slave 1788 Yes
Massachusetts Union Free 1788 No
Michigan Union Free 1837 No
Minnesota Union Free 1858 No
Nevada Union Free 1864 No
New Hampshire Union Free 1788 No
New Jersey Union Free 1787 No
New York Union Free 1788 No
Ohio Union Free 1803 No
Oregon Union Free 1859 No
Pennsylvania Union Free 1787 No
Rhode Island Union Free 1790 No
Vermont Union Free 1791 No
West Virginia Union Free 1863 No
Wisconsin Union Free 1848 No
Alabama Confederate Slave 1819 No
Arkansas Confederate Slave 1836 No
Florida Confederate Slave 1845 No
Georgia Confederate Slave 1788 No
Louisiana Confederate Slave 1812 No
Mississippi Confederate Slave 1817 No
North Carolina Confederate Slave 1789 No
South Carolina Confederate Slave 1788 No
Tennessee Confederate Slave 1796 No
Texas Confederate Slave 1845 No
Virginia Confederate Slave 1788 No
Missouri Union Slave 1821 Yes


American Civil War


Sources of the American Civil War

Rooted in ingrained political, social, and economic differences, the American Civil War (1861–1865) was among the most important wars in American history. Slavery—especially its spread into other territories—was the main culprit. While the Southern states relied on enslaved labor for their agricultural economy, especially for cotton output, the North, where slavery had been abolished or was in process of ending, preferred limiting its spread. Temporary fixes were the Missouri Compromise (1820), Compromise of 1850, and Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), but tensions grew with the Dred Scott v. Sandford ruling (1857), which said Congress lacked jurisdiction to control slavery in the territories and African Americans could not be U.S. citizens. The last impetus for secession came from Abraham Lincoln's 1860 election opposing the spread of slavery. Eleven Southern states had broken away from the Union by February 1861 to establish President Jefferson Davis's Confederate States of America.

Significant Events Tragic Enough to Cause War

Starting South Carolina on December 20, 1860, secession followed Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. Four additional states—Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee—joined the Confederacy after Lincoln took office in March 1861. Officially starting on April 12, 1861, Lincoln sought 75,000 volunteers to quell the insurrection when Confederate soldiers fired on Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Though they had slavery, border states like Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, and Delaware stayed in the Union; West Virginia broke away from Virginia to live with the Union.

Important Campaigns and Battles

Among the most fierce conflicts in American history, the Civil War witnessed several Northern dreams for a rapid triumph were dashed in July 1861 by the First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas). The Union began the Peninsula Campaign in Virginia in 1862, but ran afoul of Confederate General Robert E. Lee. With over 22,000 deaths, the Battle of Antietam (September 17, 1862) turned out to be the deadliest single-day conflict in American history. Lincoln's Union triumph allowed him to proclaim enslaved people in Confederate states free with the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, therefore orienting the war's emphasis toward abolition. With Union troops defeating Lee's army and therefore extinguishing Confederate ambitions for European acceptance, the Battle of Gettysburg (July 1–3, 1863) signaled a turning point. General Ulysses S. Grant's triumph at Vicksburg on July 4, 1863, guaranteed Union rule over the Mississippi River, therefore severing the Confederacy.

The Part African Americans Played in the War

With over 200,000 members of the Union Army and Navy, African Americans were integral in the Civil War. One of the first Black units, the 54th Massachusetts infantry Regiment shown bravery during the Battle of Fort Wagner. Further undermining the Confederate economy, the Emancipation Proclamation urged enslaved people to flee and join the Union cause. If Black troops were taken prisoner by Confederate forces, they suffered prejudice, little pay, and cruel treatment; however, their services were crucial to Union success.

Home Front and Economic Effects

Both the Union's and the Confederate home fronts suffered greatly throughout the Civil War. Driven by industrial output, the Northern economy grew quickly as manufacturers of weapons, uniforms, and supplies generated Dependent on slaves and farmland, the Southern economy fell apart amid Union blockades and infrastructural damage. In the Confederacy, inflation surged, and shortages of food and commodities set up upheaval. With personalities like Clara Barton pioneering battlefield medical treatment, women in both areas assumed new responsibilities as nurses, manufacturing workers, and administrators.

Full War and the March to the Sea

Using a tactic of total war to destroy Confederate infrastructure and morale, General William Tecumseh Sherman started his "March to the Sea," in 1864. Burning railroads, ruining farms, and grabbing supplies, his army proceeded from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia. This campaign accelerated the end of the war and wrecked the South. Grant's Overland Campaign in Virginia tired Lee's army, which resulted in the Siege of Petersburg and Richmond, the Confederate capital, falling in April 1865.

The Civil War's Final Thought

When Robert E. Lee turned himself in to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia, the Civil War virtually came to an end on April 9, 1865. Other Confederate forces turned themselves over during the following two weeks. Shockingly the country was rocked on April 14, 1865 when Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth killed President Lincoln at Ford's Theatre. Aiming to unite the nation and handling the difficulties of including previously enslaved individuals into society, Andrew Johnson took over the presidency and oversaw the early years of Reconstruction.

Death and Debris

With an estimated 620,000 to 750,000 casualties including both troops and civilians, the Civil War was the worst war in American history. Given limited medical expertise and hostile combat circumstances, disease accounted for the most of the deaths. Cities like Charleston, Atlanta, and Richmond experienced great damage while the South endured overall devastation. Racial tensions and sectional divides that persisted for decades inflicted severe wounds on American society as well.

Reconstruction and Following Up

Reconstruction (1865–1877) was the post-war effort to reconstruct the South and include African Americans into society. The 13th Amendment (1865) outlawed slavery; the 14th Amendment (1868) gave previously enslaved people citizenship; and the 15th Amendment (1870) guaranteed voting rights irrespective of race. But white Southerners' opposition resulted in Black Codes and the Ku Klux Klan emerging to stifle Black political and social advancement. Federal soldiers entered the South to enforce new laws, but Reconstruction finally came to an end with the Compromise of 1877, which withdrew federal troops and let Southern governments apply segregationist practices also known as Jim Crow laws.

Civil War Legacies

The Civil War rebuilt the United States, strengthening the federal government and eradicating the institution of slavery. It affected military strategies, medical developments, and governmental policies as well as set the stage for the 20th century civil rights movement. Examined for lessons on democracy, fairness, and national unity, the conflict continues to be a major chapter in American history. Memorials, battlefields, and historical places help to preserve the memory of those who fought and died so that the costs paid during this pivotal fight never fade.

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