World Map HD

About World Map HD

The above large world map image shows all the sovereign countries of the World with different colour which includes 193 UN member sovereign countries and 2 observer states. All countries are shown in different colors to make them easily distinguishable. All five oceans—the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean, and Southern Ocean—are also shown on the HD world map in blue. This world map HD encompasses physical relief. The Mercator projection is used while developing this map. The Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer are also shown on the map. A scale and north symbol are included to help in reading the world map.

History of the World Map

Early Cartography and Ancient World Maps

World maps have been around for thousands of years. Early humans used them to show where they were going, trade, and claim land. The Babylonians, Egyptians, and Greeks were some of the first people to make maps. The Babylonian World Map, which dates back to about 600 BCE, is one of the first known attempts to show the world. It shows a round Earth with Babylon in the middle. The ancient Egyptians made maps mostly for religious and administrative reasons. The Turin Papyrus Map (c. 1150 BCE) is the oldest surviving topographical map. The Greeks made a lot of progress in cartography. Anaximander (610–546 BCE) is thought to have made one of the first known world maps. Hecataeus of Miletus (c. 500 BCE) improved these maps even more by adding geographic information from travelers' accounts.

The Influence of Claudius Ptolemy and Medieval Mapping

The first great world map was produced by Claudius Ptolemy a Greco-Roman geographer in the 2nd century CE. He has been the first to put order on mapping with the use of latitude and longitude that shaped cartography for over a thousand years. Ptolemy's maps had some flaws since they depicted a spherical Earth and used a grid-based system; for instance, Asia was depicted as being larger than it really is. During the Middle Ages, European maps were based on religious perspectives. For example, the Hereford Mappa Mundi, produced in the 13th century AD, is a good example of a T-O map which showed the world in a circular form with Jerusalem at its centre and Europe, Africa and Asia arranged in a tripartite division. The cartography during this period was also a rich ground for Islamic scholars who produced valuable maps; one of the most famous is Muhammad al-Idrisi's Tabula Rogeriana of 1154 CE, a very detailed map of the Mediterranean and parts of Africa and Asia.

Age of Exploration and the Expansion of World Maps

The 15th and 16th centuries were a time of great change in the way of mapping the world, mainly due to European explorations. The creation of the portolan charts which showed coastlines and sea paths made navigation better. Explorations, which started with Christopher Columbus in 1492 when he discovered the Americas, and Vasco da Gama's voyage to India in 1498 changed the world maps. The first world map to label the newly discovered continent as "America" was the world map of Martin Waldseemüller in 1507, based on the exploration of Amerigo Vespucci. Gerardus Mercator's world map of 1569 is infamous for introducing the Mercator projection, which was adopted for navigation because it was a good way to preserve angles and directions, while distorting landmasses near poles. These improvements enabled the drawing of continents and oceans in more real-like maps, thus putting in place a basis for today's cartography.

Scientific Advancements and the Shift to Modern Cartography

In the 17th and 18th centuries, cartography became more scientific with explorers as James Cook providing detailed maps of the Pacific. They also used Triangulation and Astronomical observations to increase the accuracy of geographic measurements. John Harrison's development of the chronometer as far back as 1761 enabled sailors to determine longitude precisely, thus producing more accurate maritime charts. The Ordnance Survey in Britain and the U.S. Geological Survey standardized cartographic practices in the 19th century. The first complete modern atlas, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, by Abraham Ortelius in 1570, provided the precedent for global mapping. Only, advancements in surveying techniques, including aerial photography in the early 20th century, refined the world maps.

The Rise of Digital Mapping and Satellite Imagery

The last quarter of the twentieth and the first decade of the twenty-first centuries marked the shift in cartography with the invention of satellite and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The launch of satellites like the Landsat in 1972 captured detailed images of the entire planet. In the 70’s GPS technology was created and by the 1990’s was used in navigation to determine real time location data. Google Earth which was launched in 2005 made world maps that contain satellite imagery easily accessible to the public and the geospatial data to support decision making process. Current, GIS is used in almost every field, from planning to management, and in business, science and government to analyze and interpret spatial data to support a wide range of decisions on everything from natural resources to emergency response.

Challenges and the Future of World Maps

However, there are still some problems in the modern world maps, especially in the representation of the spherical surface of the Earth on the two-dimensional plane. The Mercator projection distortions are still under discussion today. The Gall-Peters projection is an attempt of a less biased mapmaking and all efforts are aimed at improving accuracy of representations. Furthermore, map interpretations of geographical regions are also a subject to political disputes of state borders, for example, Kashmir, Taiwan, the South China Sea. Future developments in cartography are likely to continue with AR mapping, artificial intelligence driven geographic analysis, real time environmental monitoring, to further enhance the global geographies of the Earth.

World Map Projections

Projection of world maps is the technique of projecting the three-dimensional surface of the Earth onto a two-dimensional plane. No map projection can totally maintain all features of geography without adding distortions in form, area, distance, direction, or scale as the Earth is an oblate spheroid. Cartographers have created several map projections throughout time to offset these distortions, each with a particular use depending on the application—navigation, teaching, or scientific study.

The Mercator projection, which was made by Gerardus Mercator in 1569, is one of the most popular map projections. This cylindrical projection is unique for marine navigation because it keeps the compass directions exactly right, which is very useful. The biggest problem with it, though, is that it changes the size of landmasses a lot as they move away from the equator. People think Greenland is about the same size as Africa, but Africa is almost 14 times bigger. This distortion has been criticized for use in schools because it gives a false picture of the relative sizes of continents and countries.

Introduced in the 19th century and first popularized in the 20th, the Gall-Peters projection was meant to solve area distortion problems. The Gall-Peters projection maintains relative area, unlike the Mercator projection, therefore presenting landmasses in their natural ratios. But it warps forms, therefore continents and nations seem extended vertically at the equator and squeezed close to the poles. Particularly in debates on post-colonial geography, it has been pushed as a fairer depiction of the globe despite its shortcomings.

Developed by Arthur H. Robinson in 1963, the Robinson projection is also somewhat often utilized. A compromise projection, the Robinson projection reduces total distortion but does not exactly maintain any one attribute. It fits general-use global maps, including those used in schools and atlases, as it offers a more aesthetically pleasing and balanced portrayal of the earth. Still, it alters form, particularly at the poles, and loses proper direction or distance.

The Winkel Tripel projection is another compromise projection that tries to reduce errors in shape, area, and distance. The National Geographic Society adopted it as its official global map projection in 1998. It looks better and shows polar areas in a way that is much more realistic than the Robinson projection. The name "Winkel Tripel" comes from the German word "tripel," which means "three." It tries to fix three types of distortion: area, shape, and distance.

The Goode's Homolosine projection is widely utilized in analytical and scientific contexts. This projection splits the earth into many lobes to minimize distortion, so it is a "interrupted" map. It is less suited for navigation but perfect for comparing the actual sizes of continents as it fairly shows landmasses while greatly warping waters.

The Azimuthal Equidistant projection is another type of specialist projection that is mostly used in radio transmission and air travel. It helps plan flight paths and learn about distances around the world because it keeps the right distances from a central point. The United Nations symbol also uses this projection, with the North Pole as its center.

Designed for thematic and statistical globe maps, the equal-area Eckert IV projection and Mollweide projection Their proportionate land areas make them valuable for depicting population distributions, temperature trends, and other worldwide data sets. Their general-use relevance is limited, nevertheless, by distortion of form and direction.

Every map projection has a different use; none of them can be regarded as absolutely better. The particular requirements of the user determine the projection method to be used. While instructional and thematic maps may provide realistic geographical depiction, navigational maps need projections that keep direction. Dynamic projections—which let users move between projections depending on their need—have made possible by advances in digital mapping and Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

There is a constant debate in cartography about whether projection is the best or most accurate method. This debate is based on both scientific and cultural points of view. Modern technology, like satellite photography and interactive digital maps, gives us a better understanding of global geography than just traditional maps do. It is still hard to find ways to accurately and precisely show the world as mapping technologies get better because cartographic science has so many uses.

The World

The world, or Earth, is the third planet from the Sun. It is the only known planet in the universe that supports life. Earth began as a ball of molten rock and dust about 4.5 billion years ago. Since then it has changed and evolved. Earth has oceans, continents, mountain ranges, forests, deserts, rivers, and many other types of ecosystems and land features. There are billions of people living on Earth, and millions of different species of plants and animals. The world has many different climates. Earth is unique for many reasons. It has liquid water, a healthy atmosphere, moderate temperatures, and a protective magnetic field.

The Earth has an surface area of 510 million square kilometres. The oceans, lakes, rivers and other bodies of water cover 71 % of the surface. The 29 % of dry surface is divided into countries, cities, forests, desert areas, mountains and agricultural land and farms.

Formation and Structure of the Earth

According to current scientific thinking, our Earth came from the material that remained after the Sun was born and which clung to the Sun while it fell to Earth from space. As this material swirled and gathered into a ball, the force of gravity drove the material to fold and compress into four main layers. The outermost layer of these four is rugged, fractured and visible as the Earth’s surface, comprising the land masses and sea floors. This outermost layer is called the crust, under which lies the second great ball of molten rock known as the mantle. The mantle is the innermost of Earth’s movement causing the tectonic plates which form the Earth’s surface to shift and move. The mantle is also responsible for volcanic eruptions when its molten rock bursts forth to the surface. The Earth's outer core is composed of flowing iron and nickel, while its inner core is solid and is believed to be roughly 5,400 degrees Celsius.

Continental drift, tectonic plate movement, earthquakes, mountain building and volcanic activity have probably all shaped the Earth’s surface. But the Earth’s surface continues to be shaped in ways such as into valleys, islands, mountain chains and ocean basins.

Continents of the World

Many geography textbooks begin with a discussion of the 7 continents. When arranged by size and population, the list begins with Asia (the largest continent and most populated), followed by Africa (the second largest and most populated), then Europe (the hub of historical sites, the birthplace of scientific discovery, and the world’s leading center of industry), next North and South America (two of the most resource rich and naturally diverse continents on earth, encompassing everything from arid desert to tropical rainforest to glaciers), and finally Antarctica (the coldest, driest, windiest, and iciest continent on earth, visited by humans briefly for scientific explorations. Australia is the world’s smallest continent, however it contains some of the world’s largest varieties of landscapes and an amazing array of unique wildlife.

Continents are not only separated by oceans, seas and long distances between them, but also connected through global trade flows, various systems of transportation and communication and cooperation in solving international problems. There are seven continents on the planet. They differ in the cultures and languages of their populations, in economic and geographical conditions and in natural characteristics.

Oceans and Water Bodies

Our planet is called the “Blue Planet” because it is mostly covered by water and ice. These waters are divided into 5 oceans (Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic) with the Pacific Ocean being the largest and the deepest of them. Our oceans are an integral part of our climate, contain a substantial amount of marine life, produce a majority of the Earth’s oxygen, and play a critical role in Earth’s water cycle.

Oceans influence weather, rainfall and temperature on continents. More than 90% of Earth’s rainfall comes from evaporation off of the oceans. Oceans also absorb carbon dioxide and heat up, which can help stabilize the climate. Rivers, lakes, glaciers and groundwater also play critical roles in ecosystems and societies around the world.

Atmosphere and Climate

The atmosphere, or air, is Earth's protective outer layer of gases that surrounds our planet. Air is about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon, and traces of carbon dioxide and water vapor. The atmosphere protects life from the Sun's burning rays, keeps temperatures on our planet constant for life to exist, and forms the weather and climate.

The Earth’s atmosphere is sometimes divided into five sections, listed here from nearest to farthest: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere. The troposphere is the weather portion of the atmosphere and the stratosphere is home to the important ozone layer that protects us from potentially destructive ultraviolet radiation.

Our planet has many different climates and it can be hard to imagine climates that are quite different from our own. Some people have never seen a tropical rain forest; others have never heard of a polar climate. Here on Earth we experience extremes on each end of the spectrum, but most of the climate on our planet experiences changes of some sort over the course of a year. These changes are called the seasons. The Earth is tilted 23.4° on its axis and as it orbits around the Sun, the angle at which the Earth is positioned changes, therefore the amount of sunlight that reaches the Earth changes, thus creating the different seasons.

Population and Human Civilization

The world's population has been growing exponentially since the 18th century, and today there are more than 8 billion individuals living on the Earth. They can be found on every continent except Antarctica, where only a handful of seasonal or temporary research stations are located. The size of the seven continents vary greatly, with Asia the largest, followed by Africa, then Europe and the two large Americas.

At Art Point our heritage is based in agriculture, trade, technology, science and cultural exchange. Today’s world is made up of nearly 200 recognised countries, each with their own political system, language, religion and culture. The World is a global village and we see this in the two main finance and business centre’s around the world Tokyo and New York. We see it in the art, entertainment, fashion, design and culture centred cities of London, Delhi, Shanghai and Paris. And we see it in the biggest education and tourism centres of the world.

Technology is revolutionizing many spheres of modern life through improved communication, transportation, healthcare, and global business through the internet. There is unprecedented growth in air travel and global commerce. Yet, serious global challenges threaten the very survival of humanity such as climate change, pollution, poverty, deforestation, and the rapid use up of resources globally. Geopolitical conflicts continue to plague humanity in the 21st century.

Biodiversity and Natural Ecosystems

The world is full of life. The millions of different species of plants and animals, fungi and micro-organisms live within the world’s many different ecosystems such as the rainforest, coral reefs, grasslands, wetlands and oceans. All of the world’s different species are unique and require protection. Many of the world’s ecosystems provide several important functions such as supplying us with oxygen, filtering our water or regulating the earth’s climate. Many ecosystems also support food chains that live in the world’s oceans.

Biodiversity hotspots with large numbers of species include tropical rain forests such as the Amazon Basin or the Congo Basin, and coral reefs including the Great Barrier Reef of Australia and those of Southeast Asia. All of these are being threatened by habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change. With hundreds of species turning “Functionally Extinct” on a daily basis, many are now endangered. It is conservation, wildlife protection, and sustainable development that will save the planet’s natural resources.

Natural Resources and Global Economy

The global economy is largely dependent on natural resources such as water, minerals, wood and other forest resources, fossil fuels, land and renewable resources. In many countries, extraction and trade of natural resources is a driving force behind industries such as mining and manufacturing, as well as transportation, agriculture and energy production.

Agriculture still dominates global activity as a major source of income for most countries. Other major crops besides rubber are wheat, rice, maize, soybeans and vegetables. Industry too has grown in tremendous proportions and has added hugely to economic development. Some of the most prominent industries are information technology, renewable energy, space research, bio-technology, life sciences, artifical intelligence, health care and telecommunication.

Global trade links the world in a web of goods and services as economies and cultures interact globally.

Climate Change and Environmental Challenges

Climate change is a global problem. Human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation and emissions of air pollution from industrial sources have resulted in an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere, causing global temperatures to rise. This rise in temperature is having observable effects around the world, such as the melting of glaciers, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of weather events, droughts, floods and changes to ecosystems.

Environmental protection and preservation is about developing renewable energy, preserving nature and its resources, sustainable agriculture, reducing pollution and foreign treaties regarding climate change. Many countries are now developing clean energy resources such as solar, wind, hydro and others to wean themselves off of fossil fuels and to lower carbon emissions.

The Importance of the World for Humanity

Our world is our home. Our world made up of land, water, atmosphere, and ecosystems is our physical home. And our world made up of local global communities and societies with varying levels of interaction with other species is our social home. Understanding the geography of our world and its diverse resources is crucial to sustaining our planet. AEOHS teaches students about the diverse features of our planet and its ecosystems, climates, and natural resources to ensure students are equipped to sustain the needs of our world for future generations.

Technological advancements and global connectivity, more than ever before, are shaping our daily lives and work and catalyzing new forms of collaboration locally and internationally. National and international cooperation is more important than ever to face global challenges such as climate change and environmental conservation, global public health, and global economic development. Protecting the Earth’s ecosystems and resources is crucial for sustainability of life on Earth.

Sovereign Countries of the World

UN-Member Sovereign Countries

S.N.	Recognized Countries	Capital
1	Afghanistan	Kabul
2	Albania	Tirana
3	Algeria	Algiers
4	Andorra	Andorra la Vella
5	Angola	Luanda
6	Antigua and Barbuda	St. John's
7	Argentina	Buenos Aires
8	Armenia	Yerevan
9	Australia	Canberra
10	Austria	Vienna
11	Azerbaijan	Baku
12	Bahamas	Nassau
13	Bahrain	Manama
14	Bangladesh	Dhaka
15	Barbados	Bridgetown
16	Belarus	Minsk
17	Belgium	Brussels
18	Belize	Belmopan
19	Benin	Porto-Novo
20	Bhutan	Thimphu
21	Bolivia	Sucre
22	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Sarajevo
23	Botswana	Gaborone
24	Brazil	Brasília
25	Brunei	Bandar Seri Begawan
26	Bulgaria	Sofia
27	Burkina Faso	Ouagadougou
28	Burundi	Bujumbura
29	Cambodia	Phnom Penh
30	Cameroon	Yaoundé
31	Canada	Ottawa
32	Cape Verde	Praia
33	Central African Republic	Bangui
34	Chad	N'Djamena
35	Chile	Santiago
36	China (PRC)	Beijing
37	Colombia	Bogotá / Santa Fe de Bogotá
38	Comoros	Moroni
39	Costa Rica	San José
40	Croatia	Zagreb
41	Cuba	Havana
42	Cyprus	Nicosia
43	Czech Republic	Prague
44	Democratic Republic of the Congo	Kinshasa
45	Denmark	Copenhagen
46	Djibouti	Djibouti City
47	Dominica	Roseau
48	Dominican Republic	Santo Domingo
49	Ecuador	Quito
50	Egypt	Cairo
51	El Salvador	San Salvador
52	Equatoria`l Guinea	Malabo
53	Eritrea	Asmara
54	Estonia	Tallinn
55	Ethiopia	Addis Ababa
56	Federated States of Micronesia	Palikir
57	Fiji	Suva
58	Finland	Helsinki
59	France	Paris
60	Gabon	Libreville
61	Gambia	Banjul
62	Georgia	Tbilisi / T'bilisi
63	Germany	Berlin
64	Ghana	Accra
65	Greece	Athens
66	Grenada	St. George's
67	Guatemala	Guatemala City
68	Guinea	Conakry
69	Guinea-Bissau	Bissau
70	Guyana	Georgetown
71	Haiti	Port-au-Prince
72	Honduras	Tegucigalpa
73	Hungary	Budapest
74	Iceland	Reykjavík
75	India	New Delhi
76	Indonesia	Jakarta
77	Iran	Tehran
78	Iraq	Baghdad
79	Ireland	Dublin
80	Israel	Jerusalem (proclaimed)
81	Italy	Rome
82	Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)	Yamoussoukro
83	Jamaica	Kingston
84	Japan	Tokyo
85	Jordan	Amman
86	Kazakhstan	Astana
87	Kenya	Nairobi
88	Kiribati	Tarawa
89	Kuwait	Kuwait City
90	Kyrgyzstan	Bishkek
91	Laos	Vientiane
92	Latvia	Riga
93	Lebanon	Beirut
94	Lesotho	Maseru
95	Liberia	Monrovia
96	Libya	Tripoli
97	Liechtenstein	Vaduz
98	Lithuania	Vilnius
99	Luxembourg	Luxembourg City
100	Macedonia	Skopje
101	Madagascar	Antananarivo
102	Malawi	Lilongwe
103	Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur
104	Maldives	Malé
105	Mali	Bamako
106	Malta	Valletta
107	Marshall Islands	Majuro
108	Mauritania	Nouakchott
109	Mauritius	Port Louis
110	Mexico	Mexico City
111	Moldova	Chișinău
112	Monaco	Monaco
113	Mongolia	Ulaanbaatar
114	Montenegro	Podgorica
115	Morocco	Rabat
116	Mozambique	Maputo
117	Myanmar (Burma)	Naypyidaw
118	Namibia	Windhoek
119	Nauru	No official Capital
120	Nepal	Kathmandu
121	Netherlands	Amsterdam(capital)
122	New Zealand	Wellington
123	Nicaragua	Managua
124	Niger	Niamey
125	Nigeria	Abuja
126	North Korea	P'yŏngyang
127	Norway	Oslo
128	Oman	Muscat
129	Pakistan	Islamabad
130	Palau	Ngerulmud
131	Palestine	Jerusalem (proclaimed), Ramallah
132	Panama	Panama City
133	Papua New Guinea	Port Moresby
134	Paraguay	Asunción
135	Peru	Lima
136	Philippines	Manila
137	Poland	Warsaw
138	Portugal	Lisbon
139	Qatar	Doha
140	Republic of the Congo	Brazzaville
141	Romania	Bucharest
142	Russia	Moscow
143	Rwanda	Kigali
144	Saint Kitts and Nevis	Basseterre
145	Saint Lucia	Castries
146	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Kingstown
147	Samoa	Apia
148	San Marino	San Marino
149	São Tomé and Príncipe	São Tomé
150	Saudi Arabia	Riyadh
151	Senegal	Dakar
152	Serbia	Belgrade
153	Seychelles	Victoria
154	Sierra Leone	Freetown
155	Singapore	Singapore City
156	Slovakia	Bratislava
157	Slovenia	Ljubljana
158	Solomon Islands	Honiara
159	Somalia	Mogadishu
160	South Africa	Bloemfontein(judicial) Cape Town(legislative) and Pretoria(executive)
161	South Korea	Seoul
162	South Sudan	Juba
163	Spain	Madrid
164	Sri Lanka	Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte
165	Sudan	Khartoum
166	Suriname	Paramaribo
167	Swaziland	Lobamba (royal and legislative) Mbabane(administrative)
168	Sweden	Stockholm
169	Switzerland	Bern / Berne
170	Syria	Damascus
171	Tajikistan	Dushanbe
172	Tanzania	Dodoma
173	Thailand	Bangkok
174	Timor-Leste (East Timor)	Dili
175	Togo	Lomé
176	Tonga	Nukuʻalofa
177	Trinidad and Tobago	Port of Spain
178	Tunisia	Tunis
179	Turkey	Ankara
180	Turkmenistan	Ashgabat
181	Tuvalu	Funafuti
182	Uganda	Kampala
183	Ukraine	Kiev
184	United Arab Emirates	Abu Dhabi
185	United Kingdom	London
186	United States	Washington, D.C.
187	Uruguay	Montevideo
188	Uzbekistan	Tashkent
189	Vanuatu	Port Vila
190	Vatican City	Vatican City
191	Venezuela	Caracas
192	Vietnam	Hanoi
193	Yemen	Sana'a
194	Zambia	Lusaka
195	Zimbabwe	Harare

Limited Recognized / Non-UN-Member Sovereign Countries of the World

S.N.	Non-UN Member Countries	Capital
1	Abkhazia	Sukhumi / Sukhum
2	Cook Islands	Avarua
3	Kosovo	Pristina
4	Nagorno-Karabakh	Stepanakert
5	Niue	Alofi
6	Northern Cyprus	Nicosia
7	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	El Aaiún(proclaimed)
8	Somaliland	Hargeisa
9	South Ossetia	Tskhinvali
10	Taiwan	Taipei
11	Transnistria	Tiraspol

Non-Sovereign Dependent Territories of the World

S.N.	Dependent Territories	Capital
1	Akrotiri and Dhekelia	Episkopi Cantonment
2	American Samoa	Pago Pago
3	Anguilla	The Valley
4	Ashmore and Cartier Islands	Uninhabited
5	Bajo Nuevo Bank	N/A
6	Baker Island	Uninhabited
7	Bermuda	Hamilton
8	British Indian Ocean Territory
9	British Virgin Islands	Road Town
10	Cayman Islands	George Town
11	Christmas Island	Flying Fish Cove
12	Clipperton Island	Uninhabited
13	Cocos (Keeling) Islands	West Island / Bantam
14	Coral Sea Islands	Uninhabited
15	Easter Island	Hanga Roa
16	Falkland Islands	Stanley
17	Faroe Islands / Faeroe Islands	Tórshavn
18	French Polynesia	Papeete
19	French Southern and Antarctic Lands	Saint-Pierre
20	Gibraltar	Gibraltar
21	Guam	Hagåtña / Agaña
22	Guernsey	Saint Peter Port
23	Hawaii	Honolulu
24	Hong Kong	Hong Kong
25	Howland Island	Uninhabited
26	Isle of Man	Douglas
27	Jarvis Island	Uninhabited
28	Jersey	Saint Helier
29	Johnston Atoll	Uninhabited
30	Juan Fernández Islands	San Juan Bautista
31	Kingman Reef	Uninhabited
32	Macau / Macao	Macau / Macao
33	Midway Islands	Uninhabited
34	Montserrat	Plymouth
35	Navassa Island	N/A
36	New Caledonia	Nouméa
37	Norfolk Island	Kingston
38	Northern Mariana Islands	Saipan
39	Ogasawara Village	Ōmura (大村)
40	Palmyra Atoll	Uninhabited
41	Papua	Jayapura
42	Pitcairn Islands	Adamstown
43	Puerto Rico	San Juan
44	Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha	Jamestown
45	Serranilla Bank	N/A
46	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	King Edward Point
47	Tokelau	Each Atoll has its own administrative centre
48	Turks and Caicos Islands	Cockburn Town
49	United States Virgin Islands	Charlotte Amalie
50	Wake Island	Uninhabited
51	Wallis and Futuna	Mata-Utu
52	West Papua	Manokwari

Other Areas of the World

S.N.	Other Areas	Capital
1	Åland	Mariehamn
2	Aruba	Oranjestad
3	Bonaire	Kralendijk
4	Canary Islands	Santa Cruz and Las Palmas
5	Ceuta	Ceuta
6	Curaçao	Willemstad
7	French Guiana	Cayenne
8	Greenland	Nuuk
9	Guadeloupe	Basse-Terre
10	Madeira	Funchal
11	Martinique	Fort-de-France
12	Mayotte	Mamoudzou
13	Melilla	Melilla
14	Northern Ireland	Belfast
15	Pelagie Islands	Lampedusa e Linosa
16	Plazas de soberanía	N/A
17	Réunion	Saint-Denis
18	Saba	The Bottom
19	Saint Barthélemy	Gustavia
20	Saint Martin	Marigot
21	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	Saint-Pierre
22	San Andrés and Providencia	San Andrés
23	Sint Eustatius	Oranjestad
24	Sint Maarten	Philipsburg
25	Svalbard	Longyearbyen

Territorial Claims of Antarctica

Official Claims

S.N.	Territory in Antarctica	Claimant	Capital	Status
1	Adélie Land	France	Dumont d'Urville Stationa	District of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
2	Argentine Antarctica	Argentina	Handled by the province of Tierra del Fuego, whose capital is Ushuaia.	Department of Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and South Atlantic Islands Province
3	Australian Antarctic Territory	Australia	Davis Station	External dependent territory of Australia
4	British Antarctic Territory	United Kingdom	Halley Base	Overseas territory of the United Kingdom
5	Chilean Antarctic Territory	Chile	Villa Las Estrellas	Commune of Antártica Chilena
6	Peter I Island	Norway		Dependency of Norway
7	Queen Maud Land	Norway	Oslo	Dependency of Norway
8	Ross Dependency	New Zealand	Scott Base	Dependency of New Zealand

Overlapping Claims

S.N.	Claimants	Claim Limits
1	Argentina, United Kingdom	25°W to 53°W
2	Argentina, Chile, United Kingdom	53°W to 74°W
3	Chile, United Kingdom	74°W to 80°W

Unclaimed Territory

S.N.	Region	Unclaimed Limits
1	Marie Byrd Land	90°W to 150°W