Explore Australia climate zones map, Australia's climate is largely influenced by its vast size and the subtropical high pressure belt, also known as the subtropical ridge or Australian High. This high pressure belt shifts northwest and northeast with the changing seasons. The country's climate is quite varied, with frequent droughts that can last for several seasons, partly attributed to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation.
Expore the Australia climate zones map showing different climate conditions according to the climate regions of Australia.
Climate of Australia
Australia's climate is as diverse as its landscapes, ranging from tropical in the north, to desert in the center, and temperate in the south. This diversity is influenced by the country's vast size, geography, and proximity to the ocean. Understanding the various climate zones helps to appreciate how weather patterns affect everything from daily life to the environment and agriculture in Australia.
Tropical Climate
The northern parts of Australia, including areas in Queensland, the Northern Territory, and Western Australia, experience a tropical climate. This region is characterized by hot, humid summers and warm, dry winters. It's also known for its distinct wet and dry seasons, with the wet season bringing heavy rains and occasional tropical cyclones.
Arid and Semi-Arid Climate
Central Australia is known for its desert or arid climate, which covers a significant portion of the country. This region experiences very low rainfall, high temperatures during the day, and cooler temperatures at night. The semi-arid zones surrounding the desert areas receive slightly more rainfall, allowing for some agriculture and settlements.
Temperate Climate
The southern and eastern parts of Australia, including most of New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and parts of South Australia and Western Australia, enjoy a temperate climate. This zone experiences four distinct seasons with mild to warm summers and cool to cold winters. The temperate zone is also where most of the country's agricultural activities occur, thanks to favorable weather conditions.
Mediterranean Climate
Parts of South Australia and Western Australia have a Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. This climate is ideal for growing a variety of fruits, vegetables, and particularly for vineyards, contributing to Australia's reputation for fine wines.
Subtropical Climate
The coastal region of Queensland and northern New South Wales features a subtropical climate. This area enjoys warm to hot summers and mild winters, with a moderate level of rainfall spread throughout the year. The subtropical climate supports lush rainforests, productive agricultural land, and beautiful beach resorts.
Climate Challenges
Australia's climate presents challenges, including droughts, bushfires, and tropical cyclones. Droughts are particularly common in the arid and semi-arid regions, impacting water supply and agriculture. Bushfires during the hotter months can cause significant damage to natural and human-made environments. The northern tropical region is prone to cyclones, bringing intense rainfall and strong winds.
Climate in Australian Capital Territory
The Australian Capital Territory (ACT), home to Canberra, Australia's capital city, experiences a distinct climate that sets it apart from other regions in Australia. Characterized by four seasons, the ACT's climate can be described as having warm to hot summers, cool to cold winters, and mild spring and autumn seasons. This variation provides a unique living experience and shapes the outdoor activities and lifestyle in the region.
Summer (December to February)
Summers in the ACT are warm to hot, with average daytime temperatures ranging from 25°C to 30°C (77°F to 86°F). However, temperatures can occasionally soar above 35°C (95°F) on the hottest days. Evenings are cooler, making it comfortable for outdoor activities. This season also sees the most extended daylight hours, ideal for exploring the natural beauty of the area.
Autumn (March to May)
Autumn brings a noticeable change, as the hot summer days gradually cool down to a mild and pleasant climate. Daytime temperatures average between 12°C and 20°C (53.6°F to 68°F). The landscape transforms as well, with deciduous trees changing color and shedding their leaves, creating a picturesque setting throughout the city and surrounding areas.
Winter (June to August)
Winters are cool to cold in the ACT, with average daytime temperatures ranging from 6°C to 13°C (42.8°F to 55.4°F). Nights can be chilly, often dropping below freezing. Snow is rare in Canberra itself but can be found in nearby mountain regions, offering opportunities for winter sports. Winters are also marked by frosty mornings, contributing to the crisp beauty of the season.
Spring (September to November)
Spring sees the region come to life with flowering plants and trees, making it a beautiful time to visit the many gardens and parks in the ACT. Temperatures gradually warm up, averaging between 13°C and 19°C (55.4°F to 66.2°F) during the day. This season is also characterized by a mix of rain and sunshine, helping to rejuvenate the landscape after the colder months.
Rainfall
The ACT receives moderate rainfall, which is relatively evenly distributed throughout the year. However, spring and summer tend to have slightly higher rainfall compared to autumn and winter. This precipitation supports the region's lush landscapes and waterways.
Climate in New South Wales
New South Wales (NSW), a state known for its stunning coastal cities, beautiful national parks, and vibrant cultural life, experiences a diverse climate. The climate varies significantly from the coast to the mountains and the outback, offering a variety of experiences for residents and visitors. Here's an overview of what to expect weather-wise in different parts of NSW throughout the year.
Coastal Regions
The coastal areas of NSW, including Sydney, enjoy a temperate climate with warm summers and mild winters.
Summer (December to February) in the coastal regions is warm and sunny, with average temperatures ranging from 18.6°C to 25.8°C (65°F to 78°F), making it perfect for beach activities and outdoor festivals.
Autumn (March to May) sees milder temperatures and less humidity, with averages ranging from 14.6°C to 22.2°C (58°F to 72°F). This season is ideal for exploring the outdoors, as the weather is comfortable and the landscape is vibrant.
Winter (June to August) is mild compared to other parts of the world, with temperatures averaging from 8.8°C to 17°C (48°F to 63°F). Coastal NSW rarely experiences frost or snow, making winter a pleasant time for city tours and indoor attractions.
Spring (September to November) brings warmer temperatures and blooming flowers, with averages from 11°C to 23°C (52°F to 73°F). This season is perfect for enjoying the natural beauty of NSW's coastal areas.
Inland and Mountain Areas
Inland and mountain areas, such as the Blue Mountains, have a cooler climate overall, with more distinct seasonal changes.
Summer in these regions can still be warm, but temperatures are generally cooler than on the coast, making it an excellent time for hiking and exploring national parks.
Autumn brings cool, crisp air and is a popular time to visit for the autumn foliage, especially in the Blue Mountains.
Winter is cold, with snowfall common in higher elevations, like the Snowy Mountains, making it a popular destination for skiing and snowboarding.
Spring, like in the coastal areas, is a time of renewal, with wildflowers blooming across the countryside and pleasant temperatures for outdoor activities.
The Outback
The outback in NSW experiences a semi-arid to arid climate, with hot summers and cool to cold winters.
Summer temperatures can be very high, often exceeding 40°C (104°F) in the shade, making it less ideal for travel.
Autumn and Spring offer the most comfortable temperatures for exploring the outback, with warm days and cool nights.
Winter sees cooler temperatures, with occasional frost in some areas, providing a stark yet beautiful landscape to explore.
Rainfall
Rainfall in NSW varies widely across the state. The coastal regions receive more rainfall, especially during the summer and autumn months, while the western plains and the outback have a much drier climate, with rain being more sporadic.
Place
Climate Type
January Mean Minimum Temp
January Mean Maximum Temp
July Mean Minimum Temp
July Mean Maximum Temp
Annual Precipitation
No. of Clear Days
Albury
Cfa
17 °C (63 °F)
31 °C (88 °F)
4 °C (39 °F)
12 °C (54 °F)
699 mm (28 in)
108
Armidale
Cfb
14 °C (57 °F)
26 °C (79 °F)
1 °C (34 °F)
12 °C (54 °F)
743 mm (29 in)
106
Broken Hill
BWh
19 °C (66 °F)
33 °C (91 °F)
5 °C (41 °F)
15 °C (59 °F)
245 mm (10 in)
137
Charlotte Pass
Cfc/Dfc
5 °C (41 °F)
18 °C (64 °F)
−7 °C (19 °F)
2 °C (36 °F)
1,948 mm (77 in)
78
Coffs Harbour
Cfa
20 °C (68 °F)
27 °C (81 °F)
8 °C (46 °F)
19 °C (66 °F)
1,668 mm (66 in)
122
Orange
Cfb
13 °C (55 °F)
27 °C (81 °F)
2 °C (36 °F)
10 °C (50 °F)
927 mm (36 in)
100
Penrith
Cfa
18 °C (64 °F)
31 °C (88 °F)
5 °C (41 °F)
18 °C (64 °F)
696 mm (27 in)
103
Sydney (capital)
Cfa
20 °C (68 °F)
27 °C (81 °F)
9 °C (48 °F)
17 °C (63 °F)
1,150 mm (45 in)
104
Wagga Wagga
Cfa
16 °C (61 °F)
32 °C (90 °F)
3 °C (37 °F)
13 °C (55 °F)
566 mm (22 in)
124
Wollongong
Cfb
18 °C (64 °F)
26 °C (79 °F)
8 °C (46 °F)
17 °C (63 °F)
1,346 mm (53 in)
107
Climate in Northern Territory
The Northern Territory (NT) of Australia is known for its dramatic landscapes, from the red sands of the desert to the lush waterfalls of the Top End. The climate in the NT is characterized by two main seasons: the Wet Season and the Dry Season, each bringing its own unique set of weather conditions and experiences. Understanding the climate is key to exploring the rich natural and cultural heritage of this region.
The Wet Season (November to April)
The Wet Season in the Northern Territory, particularly in the Top End, including Darwin, Kakadu National Park, and Arnhem Land, is marked by high humidity, monsoonal rains, and thunderstorms. This season transforms the landscape into a vibrant, green world, teeming with life.
Temperature:
Daytime temperatures average around 30°C to 33°C (86°F to 91°F), with high humidity levels.
Rainfall:
This is the period of highest rainfall, rejuvenating the rivers, waterfalls, and landscapes. The rain is often in the form of heavy, short downpours in the afternoon or evening.
Nature:
The Wet Season is a fantastic time for photography and seeing the natural world in full bloom. Wildlife is abundant, and the waterfalls are at their most spectacular.
The Dry Season (May to October)
The Dry Season brings cooler temperatures and lower humidity, making it the preferred time for most visitors to explore the Northern Territory. The skies are clear, and the landscape is still lush early in the season, gradually drying out as the months pass.
Temperature:
Daytime temperatures are milder, ranging from 20°C to 32°C (68°F to 90°F), with cooler nights, especially in the desert regions.
Activities:
This season is ideal for outdoor activities, including hiking in the national parks, exploring the Outback, and attending cultural festivals. It's also the perfect time for camping under the clear desert skies.
Nature:
While the lush greenery of the Wet Season fades, the Dry Season offers its own beauty. The clear skies and lower water levels in rivers and waterfalls provide excellent conditions for fishing, bird watching, and exploring the unique desert landscapes.
Central Australia
The climate in Central Australia, including Alice Springs and Uluru, is more arid, characterized by hot days and cool nights. Winter nights (June to August) can be particularly cold, sometimes dropping below freezing. Rainfall is sporadic throughout the year but can bring dramatic changes to the desert landscape.
Preparing for the Climate
Wet Season:
Prepare for heavy rains and high humidity. Waterproof gear and insect repellent are must-haves. Be aware of potential flooding and road closures.
Dry Season:
Bring layers for cooler evenings and mornings, especially in desert areas. Stay hydrated and protect yourself from the sun during the day.
Month
Alice Springs
Darwin
January
36.4 °C (97.5 °F)
31.8 °C (89.2 °F)
February
35.1 °C (95.2 °F)
31.4 °C (88.5 °F)
March
32.7 °C (90.9 °F)
31.9 °C (89.4 °F)
April
28.2 °C (82.8 °F)
32.7 °C (90.9 °F)
May
23.0 °C (73.4 °F)
32.0 °C (89.6 °F)
June
19.8 °C (67.6 °F)
30.6 °C (87.1 °F)
July
19.7 °C (67.5 °F)
30.5 °C (86.9 °F)
August
22.5 °C (72.5 °F)
31.3 °C (88.3 °F)
September
27.2 °C (81.0 °F)
32.5 °C (90.5 °F)
October
31.0 °C (87.8 °F)
33.2 °C (91.8 °F)
November
33.6 °C (92.5 °F)
33.3 °C (91.9 °F)
December
35.4 °C (95.7 °F)
32.6 °C (90.7 °F)
Climate in Queensland
Queensland, known as the Sunshine State, enjoys a warm climate year-round, making it a popular destination for both Australians and international visitors. The state's vast size means the climate varies significantly from the coastal areas to the inland outback. Here's what you can expect from the climate across different parts of Queensland.
Tropical North Queensland
The northern part of the state, including cities like Cairns and Townsville, experiences a tropical climate with two main seasons: a wet season and a dry season.
Wet Season (November to April):
Characterized by hot, humid weather and frequent rainfall. This is when the rainforests and waterfalls are most vibrant, but also when the region can experience tropical cyclones.
Dry Season (May to October):
Brings cooler temperatures, lower humidity, and less rainfall, making it the ideal time for exploring the Great Barrier Reef and tropical rainforests.
Southeast Queensland
The southeast, including Brisbane, the Gold Coast, and the Sunshine Coast, enjoys a subtropical climate with mild winters and warm, humid summers.
Summer (December to February):
Hot and humid with occasional showers and thunderstorms. Temperatures often range from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F).
Winter (June to August):
Mild and dry, with temperatures ranging from 10°C to 22°C (50°F to 72°F). This pleasant weather is perfect for outdoor activities and exploring the region's beaches and national parks.
The Outback
Queensland's outback experiences a hot desert and semi-arid climate, with extreme temperatures in summer and mild to cool winters.
Summer (December to February):
Very hot with temperatures often exceeding 35°C (95°F). The heat can be intense, with dry conditions and clear skies.
Winter (June to August):
Days are mild and sunny, while nights can be cool to cold, especially in the southern parts of the outback. This time of year is ideal for exploring the outback's unique landscapes.
Rainfall
Coastal Areas:
Receive the most rainfall, particularly during the summer months, which can lead to lush landscapes and full waterways.
Inland Areas:
Tend to be drier, with rain more sporadic throughout the year. Some regions may experience drought conditions.
Place
Climate Type
January Minimum Temp
January Maximum Temp
July Minimum Temp
July Maximum Temp
Annual Precipitation
Number of Clear Days
Birdsville
BWh
24 °C (75 °F)
39 °C (102 °F)
7 °C (45 °F)
21 °C (70 °F)
164 mm (6 in)
221
Brisbane (capital)
Cfa
21 °C (70 °F)
30 °C (86 °F)
10 °C (50 °F)
22 °C (72 °F)
1,022 mm (40 in)
123
Cairns
Am
24 °C (75 °F)
32 °C (90 °F)
17 °C (63 °F)
26 °C (79 °F)
1,982 mm (78 in)
90
Gold Coast
Cfa
22 °C (72 °F)
29 °C (84 °F)
12 °C (54 °F)
21 °C (70 °F)
1,273 mm (50 in)
N/A
Mackay
Cfa
24 °C (75 °F)
30 °C (86 °F)
13 °C (55 °F)
21 °C (70 °F)
1,610 mm (63 in)
123
Mount Isa
BSh
24 °C (75 °F)
37 °C (99 °F)
9 °C (48 °F)
25 °C (77 °F)
462 mm (18 in)
175
Rockhampton
Cfa
22 °C (72 °F)
32 °C (90 °F)
10 °C (50 °F)
23 °C (73 °F)
812 mm (32 in)
116
Stanthorpe
Cfb
16 °C (61 °F)
27 °C (81 °F)
1 °C (34 °F)
15 °C (59 °F)
762 mm (30 in)
42
Toowoomba
Cfa
17 °C (63 °F)
28 °C (82 °F)
5 °C (41 °F)
16 °C (61 °F)
952 mm (37 in)
114
Townsville
Aw
24 °C (75 °F)
31 °C (88 °F)
14 °C (57 °F)
25 °C (77 °F)
1,132 mm (45 in)
121
Weipa
Aw
24 °C (75 °F)
32 °C (90 °F)
19 °C (66 °F)
31 °C (88 °F)
1,911 mm (75 in)
54
Climate in South Australia
South Australia, renowned for its extensive wine regions, stunning landscapes, and vibrant capital city, Adelaide, enjoys a climate that varies significantly from the coast to the outback. The state experiences a range of weather patterns, primarily influenced by its geography, making it a place of contrasting climates. Here's a closer look at what you can expect weather-wise in South Australia.
Mediterranean Climate in the South
The southern coastal regions, including Adelaide, are blessed with a Mediterranean climate characterized by mild, wet winters and warm to hot, dry summers.
Summer (December to February):
Warm to hot with average temperatures ranging from 16°C to 29°C (61°F to 84°F). Summers are generally dry, making it a great time to explore the beautiful beaches and outdoor dining scenes.
Winter (June to August):
Mild with average temperatures ranging from 8°C to 16°C (46°F to 61°F). Winters see most of the year's rainfall, which nurtures the region's renowned vineyards and provides a lush landscape.
Arid and Semi-Arid Climate in the North
Moving northwards, the climate shifts to arid and semi-arid conditions, dominating much of the state's vast interior and northern regions.
Summer:
Can be extremely hot, especially in the outback, with temperatures often soaring above 35°C (95°F). The heat is accompanied by very low humidity and clear skies.
Winter:
Generally mild and dry with cool to cold nights. This season is more comfortable for exploring the natural beauty of the northern and outback areas, including the Flinders Ranges and the opal mining town of Coober Pedy.
Coastal Influences
Along the coast, the climate tends to be more temperate, with cooler summers and milder winters compared to the interior. The Spencer Gulf and the Great Australian Bight have a moderating effect on the weather, providing cool sea breezes during the summer months.
Rainfall Patterns
Southern Regions:
Receive the bulk of their rainfall during the winter and early spring months, which is essential for the agriculture and viticulture industries.
Northern and Outback Areas:
Experience very low annual rainfall, leading to arid conditions with sparse vegetation. Rainfall in these areas can be unpredictable and often comes in the form of sudden, heavy downpours.
Place
Climate Type
January Minimum Temp
January Maximum Temp
July Minimum Temp
July Maximum Temp
Annual Precipitation
Number of Clear Days
Adelaide (capital)
Csa
17 °C (63 °F)
29 °C (84 °F)
7 °C (45 °F)
15 °C (59 °F)
551 mm (22 in)
87
Kingscote
Csb
15 °C (59 °F)
24 °C (75 °F)
8 °C (46 °F)
15 °C (59 °F)
489 mm (19 in)
62
Mount Gambier
Csb
11 °C (52 °F)
25 °C (77 °F)
5 °C (41 °F)
13 °C (55 °F)
710 mm (28 in)
40
Oodnadatta
BWh
23 °C (73 °F)
38 °C (100 °F)
6 °C (43 °F)
20 °C (68 °F)
176 mm (7 in)
182
Port Augusta
BWh
19 °C (66 °F)
34 °C (93 °F)
5 °C (41 °F)
18 °C (64 °F)
218 mm (9 in)
142
Stirling
Csb/Cfb
12 °C (54 °F)
25 °C (77 °F)
5 °C (41 °F)
11 °C (52 °F)
1,107 mm (44 in)
71
Whyalla
BSh
18 °C (64 °F)
30 °C (86 °F)
5 °C (41 °F)
17 °C (63 °F)
267 mm (11 in)
63
Climate in Tasmania
Tasmania, Australia's island state, is renowned for its pristine natural landscapes, rich history, and vibrant cultural life. Its climate, markedly different from mainland Australia, is characterized by a cool temperate weather pattern, making it a unique destination to explore any time of the year. Here's an overview of what to expect from Tasmania's climate throughout the seasons.
Understanding Tasmania's Climate
Tasmania's climate is influenced by its latitude and maritime environment, resulting in mild summers and cool winters. The island's weather can be variable, often experiencing four seasons in one day, especially in spring and autumn. This variability adds to the charm and appeal of Tasmania's great outdoors.
Summer (December to February)
Summer in Tasmania is pleasantly warm rather than hot, with average temperatures ranging from 12°C to 21°C (54°F to 70°F). This season is ideal for exploring Tasmania's stunning beaches, national parks, and outdoor festivals. Days are long, with daylight stretching until as late as 9 pm, providing ample time for adventure and exploration.
Autumn (March to May)
Autumn is a spectacular season in Tasmania, with the landscape transforming into a palette of red, orange, and yellow hues. Average temperatures range from 9°C to 17°C (48°F to 63°F). This season is perfect for enjoying the outdoors, with cooler days and crisp nights. It's also a great time for tasting the island's fresh produce at local markets and festivals.
Winter (June to August)
Winter in Tasmania is cool, with snowfall common in the highlands and occasionally in Hobart, the capital city. Average temperatures during this season range from 4°C to 12°C (39°F to 54°F). Winter is an excellent time for cozying up by the fire in a mountain cabin, exploring Tasmania's winter landscapes, and enjoying the island's rich culinary offerings.
Spring (September to November)
Spring sees Tasmania burst into life, with wildflowers blooming and wildlife becoming more active. Temperatures gradually warm, ranging from 7°C to 16°C (45°F to 61°F). This season is ideal for gardening enthusiasts, hikers, and photographers, offering a plethora of festivals and outdoor activities as the island shakes off the winter chill.
Rainfall
Tasmania's rainfall is distributed fairly evenly throughout the year, but the west coast is significantly wetter than the east coast. The Western Wilderness is one of the wettest regions, while the Midlands and the east coast are drier and sunnier. Rainfall in Hobart is relatively low, making it one of Australia's driest capitals.
Place
Climate Type
January Minimum Temp
January Maximum Temp
July Minimum Temp
July Maximum Temp
Annual Precipitation
Number Clear Days
Burnie
Cfb
13 °C (55 °F)
21 °C (70 °F)
6 °C (43 °F)
13 °C (55 °F)
958 mm (38 in)
52
Devonport
Csb
12 °C (54 °F)
21 °C (70 °F)
5 °C (41 °F)
13 °C (55 °F)
773 mm (30 in)
56
Flinders Island
Cfb
14 °C (57 °F)
22 °C (72 °F)
6 °C (43 °F)
13 °C (55 °F)
741 mm (29 in)
47
Hobart (capital)
Cfb
12 °C (54 °F)
22 °C (72 °F)
5 °C (41 °F)
12 °C (54 °F)
615 mm (24 in)
41
King Island
Csb
13 °C (55 °F)
21 °C (70 °F)
8 °C (46 °F)
13 °C (55 °F)
854 mm (34 in)
20
Launceston
Cfb
11 °C (52 °F)
25 °C (77 °F)
2 °C (36 °F)
12 °C (54 °F)
630 mm (25 in)
50
Liawenee
Csc
6 °C (43 °F)
19 °C (66 °F)
−2 °C (28 °F)
6 °C (43 °F)
923 mm (36 in)
22
Queenstown
Cfb
8 °C (46 °F)
21 °C (70 °F)
2 °C (36 °F)
12 °C (54 °F)
2,405 mm (95 in)
29
St Helens
Cfb
13 °C (55 °F)
23 °C (73 °F)
5 °C (41 °F)
14 °C (57 °F)
666 mm (26 in)
N/A
Strahan
Cfb
11 °C (52 °F)
21 °C (70 °F)
5 °C (41 °F)
12 °C (54 °F)
1,544 mm (61 in)
16
Climate in Victoria
Victoria, known for its dynamic weather patterns, offers a diverse climate that ranges from cool temperate rainforests in the south to semi-arid plains in the northwest. The state's compact size does little to dampen the variability of its climate, making it a place where locals often joke about experiencing "four seasons in one day." Here's a closer look at what you can expect from the climate in Victoria.
Understanding Victoria's Climate
Victoria's climate is influenced by its positioning in the southeastern part of Australia, bordered by the Southern Ocean. This location brings about cool winters and warm to hot summers, with variable rainfall and weather conditions across the state.
Summer (December to February)
Summers in Victoria are warm to hot, with average temperatures ranging from 14°C to 25°C (57°F to 77°F). Coastal areas enjoy sea breezes that can provide relief on hot days, whereas the inland areas, particularly in the north and west, can experience days well above 30°C (86°F). This season is perfect for enjoying Victoria's beautiful beaches, national parks, and outdoor festivals.
Autumn (March to May)
Autumn sees a gradual cooling from the summer heat, with temperatures ranging from 10°C to 20°C (50°F to 68°F). This season is renowned for its stunning foliage, especially in the Dandenong Ranges and regional areas like Bright. Autumn rainfall helps to freshen the air and landscape, making it an ideal time for wine tasting in Victoria's renowned vineyards.
Winter (June to August)
Winters in Victoria are cool to cold, with average temperatures between 6°C and 14°C (43°F to 57°F). Snowfall is common in the Victorian Alps, providing opportunities for skiing and snowboarding. Coastal areas remain relatively mild, while the interior can experience frost and foggy mornings.
Spring (September to November)
Spring brings a gradual warming, with temperatures averaging from 9°C to 19°C (48°F to 66°F). This season is marked by wildflowers blooming across the state and the return of outdoor activities. Rainfall is common in early spring, nourishing the landscape before the dryer summer months.
Rainfall
Victoria's rainfall is highest in the mountainous regions of the east and central areas, supporting lush forests and fertile farming land. The western and northern parts of the state receive less rain, characterized by drier landscapes. Melbourne, Victoria's capital, has moderate rainfall spread throughout the year, contributing to its green parks and gardens.
Place
Climate Type
January Minimum Temp
January Maximum Temp
July Minimum Temp
July Maximum Temp
Annual Precipitation
Number Clear Days
Bairnsdale
Cfb
13 °C (55 °F)
26 °C (79 °F)
4 °C (39 °F)
15 °C (59 °F)
650 mm (26 in)
60
Ballarat
Cfb
11 °C (52 °F)
25 °C (77 °F)
3 °C (37 °F)
10 °C (50 °F)
690 mm (27 in)
55
Bendigo
Cfa/Cfb
14 °C (57 °F)
30 °C (86 °F)
3 °C (37 °F)
12 °C (54 °F)
514 mm (20 in)
110
Falls Creek
Cfc
9 °C (48 °F)
18 °C (64 °F)
−3 °C (27 °F)
1 °C (34 °F)
1,274 mm (50 in)
N/A
Geelong
Cfb
13 °C (55 °F)
25 °C (77 °F)
5 °C (41 °F)
14 °C (57 °F)
524 mm (21 in)
38
Melbourne (capital)
Cfb
14 °C (57 °F)
26 °C (79 °F)
6 °C (43 °F)
14 °C (57 °F)
648 mm (26 in)
49
Mildura
BSk
17 °C (63 °F)
32 °C (90 °F)
4 °C (39 °F)
15 °C (59 °F)
291 mm (11 in)
132
Portland
Csb/Cfb
12 °C (54 °F)
22 °C (72 °F)
6 °C (43 °F)
13 °C (55 °F)
840 mm (33 in)
40
Shepparton
BSk
15 °C (59 °F)
32 °C (90 °F)
3 °C (37 °F)
13 °C (55 °F)
452 mm (18 in)
N/A
Warrnambool
Cfb
13 °C (55 °F)
22 °C (72 °F)
6 °C (43 °F)
13 °C (55 °F)
743 mm (29 in)
53
Climate in Western Australia
Western Australia, the largest state by area in Australia, showcases an incredible diversity of climates, ranging from the Mediterranean climate of the southwest coast to the tropical climate in the north, and arid conditions in the vast interior. This vast geographical spread means that weather patterns can vary dramatically across the state, offering unique experiences for residents and visitors alike.
The Southwest – A Mediterranean Climate
The southwest region, including Perth, enjoys a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters.
Summer (December to February):
Summers are warm to hot with temperatures often ranging from 17°C to 30°C (63°F to 86°F), making it perfect for enjoying the stunning beaches.
Winter (June to August):
Winters are mild and wet, with temperatures typically ranging from 8°C to 19°C (46°F to 66°F), providing much of the region's annual rainfall.
The North – Tropical Climate
The northern parts of Western Australia, including the Kimberley and Pilbara regions, experience a tropical climate, with a wet season and a dry season.
Wet Season (November to April):
The wet season brings high temperatures, high humidity, and monsoonal rains, with temperatures often between 25°C and 33°C (77°F to 91°F). Tropical cyclones are also a possibility during this season.
Dry Season (May to October):
The dry season offers warm to hot days and cooler nights, with temperatures ranging from 20°C to 34°C (68°F to 93°F). This season is ideal for exploring the natural wonders of the north.
The Interior – Arid to Semi-Arid Climate
The vast interior of Western Australia, which includes much of the Outback, experiences arid to semi-arid conditions, with low rainfall and high temperatures.
Summer:
Summers are very hot, with daytime temperatures often exceeding 35°C (95°F). In some areas, temperatures can soar above 40°C (104°F).
Winter:
Winters are mild and dry, with cooler temperatures providing a more comfortable climate for exploring the desert landscapes.
Rainfall
Southwest:
Receives the most rainfall during the winter months, which supports a rich biodiversity, including lush forests and farmland.
North:
Rainfall mainly occurs during the wet season, with heavy downpours and thunderstorms replenishing rivers and waterholes.
Interior:
Receives sparse rainfall, leading to arid conditions and vast desert landscapes.
Place
Climate Type
January Maximum Temp
January Minimum Temp
July Maximum Temp
July Minimum Temp
Number Clear Days
Annual Precipitation
Albany
Csb
23 °C (73 °F)
15 °C (59 °F)
16 °C (61 °F)
8 °C (46 °F)
45
929 mm (37 in)
Broome
BSh
33 °C (91 °F)
26 °C (79 °F)
29 °C (84 °F)
14 °C (57 °F)
182
613 mm (24 in)
Eucla
BSk
26 °C (79 °F)
17 °C (63 °F)
18 °C (64 °F)
7 °C (45 °F)
94
274 mm (11 in)
Geraldton
Csa/BSh
32 °C (90 °F)
18 °C (64 °F)
19 °C (66 °F)
9 °C (48 °F)
164
441 mm (17 in)
Kalgoorlie
BSk
34 °C (93 °F)
18 °C (64 °F)
17 °C (63 °F)
5 °C (41 °F)
151
266 mm (10 in)
Karratha
BSh
36 °C (97 °F)
27 °C (81 °F)
26 °C (79 °F)
14 °C (57 °F)
158
297 mm (12 in)
Perth (capital)
Csa
30 °C (86 °F)
18 °C (64 °F)
17 °C (63 °F)
9 °C (48 °F)
131
868 mm (34 in)
Wyndham
BSh
37 °C (99 °F)
26 °C (79 °F)
31 °C (88 °F)
17 °C (63 °F)
176
824 mm (32 in)
Climate in Australian Distant Islands
Australia's distant islands, scattered across the Indian and Pacific Oceans, offer a fascinating diversity of climates, distinct from the Australian mainland. These islands, including Norfolk Island, Christmas Island, and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, among others, are not only unique in their natural beauty and biodiversity but also in their weather patterns. Here's a closer look at the climate of these remote destinations.
Norfolk Island
Situated in the Pacific Ocean, Norfolk Island enjoys a subtropical maritime climate. The weather is mild year-round, with little variation between seasons.
Temperature:
Averages range from 19°C to 25°C (66°F to 77°F), making it comfortable for visitors throughout the year.
Rainfall:
Rain is distributed evenly across the year, supporting the island's lush green landscapes and the famous Norfolk Island pine trees.
Christmas Island
Located in the Indian Ocean, Christmas Island experiences a tropical equatorial climate. The island is known for its monsoonal season and a dry season, influencing its rich tropical ecosystems.
Wet Season (November to April):
Characterized by heavy rainfall, high humidity, and warmer temperatures. This season transforms the island, filling its waterfalls and streams.
Dry Season (May to October):
Brings cooler temperatures and less humidity, making it the ideal time for exploring the island's natural wonders, including its renowned crab migration.
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
The Cocos (Keeling) Islands, also in the Indian Ocean, enjoy a warm, tropical maritime climate year-round, with consistent temperatures and humidity levels.
Temperature:
Daytime averages hover around 29°C to 30°C (84°F to 86°F), with night temperatures slightly cooler.
Rainfall:
The islands experience a wet season from April to October and a drier season from November to March. The trade winds can influence weather patterns, especially during the drier season.
Other Australian Distant Islands
Other islands, such as the subantarctic Heard Island and McDonald Islands, offer a stark contrast with their polar climate. These islands are characterized by cold temperatures, strong winds, and heavy snowfall year-round, supporting their unique polar ecosystems.
Unique Weather Patterns
Australia's distant islands are affected by their isolation and the surrounding oceans, resulting in unique weather patterns and climates that contribute to their extraordinary natural beauty and biodiversity. These islands are home to rare species of flora and fauna, some of which have adapted to the specific climatic conditions of their habitats.
Island(s)
Climate type
Coordinates
January Maximum Temp
January Minimum Temp
July Maximum temp
July Minimum Temp
Number of Clear Days
Annual Precipitation
Christmas Island
Am
10°25′18″S 105°40′41″E
28 °C (82 °F)
23 °C (73 °F)
26 °C (79 °F)
23 °C (73 °F)
8
2,199 mm (87 in)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Am
12°07′S 96°54′E
30 °C (86 °F)
25 °C (77 °F)
28 °C (82 °F)
24 °C (75 °F)
N/A
1,984 mm (78 in)
Lord Howe Island
Cfa
31°33′15″S 159°05′06″E
25 °C (77 °F)
21 °C (70 °F)
19 °C (66 °F)
14 °C (57 °F)
68
1,464 mm (58 in)
Macquarie Island
ET
54°30′0″S 158°57′0″E
9 °C (48 °F)
5 °C (41 °F)
5 °C (41 °F)
2 °C (36 °F)
4
993 mm (39 in)
Norfolk Island
Cfa
29.03°S 167.95°E
25 °C (77 °F)
19 °C (66 °F)
18 °C (64 °F)
14 °C (57 °F)
41
1,286 mm (51 in)
Willis Island
Aw
16°17′15″S 149°57′52″E
31 °C (88 °F)
26 °C (79 °F)
26 °C (79 °F)
22 °C (72 °F)
67
1,102 mm (43 in)
Temperatures in Australia
Australia's vast landscape is home to a wide range of temperatures, reflecting the country's diverse climates. From the tropical north to the temperate south, and from the arid deserts to the cool mountain regions, temperatures in Australia can vary significantly depending on location and season. Understanding these temperature variations is key to appreciating the unique environmental and cultural experiences Australia offers.
Northern Australia
In the tropical north, which includes parts of Queensland, the Northern Territory, and Western Australia, temperatures are warm year-round.
Summer (Wet Season):
During the summer months, which also coincide with the wet season from November to April, average daytime temperatures are typically between 25°C and 33°C (77°F and 91°F). Humidity levels are high, and rainfall is frequent.
Winter (Dry Season):
Winter months, from May to October, are drier and slightly cooler, with average temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F). This season is generally more comfortable for outdoor activities and exploring the region's natural beauty.
Southern Australia
The southern parts of Australia, including cities like Melbourne, Adelaide, and Hobart, experience a more temperate climate with distinct seasons.
Summer:
From December to February, average daytime temperatures in these regions can range from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F), with cooler evenings.
Winter:
Winter temperatures, from June to August, are cooler, with averages ranging from 5°C to 16°C (41°F to 61°F). Some southern and mountainous areas can experience frosts and occasional snowfall.
Central and Western Australia
Central Australia, known for its desert landscapes, and the vast stretches of Western Australia outside the tropical north, can experience extreme temperatures.
Summer:
Daytime temperatures can soar above 35°C (95°F) and occasionally reach above 40°C (104°F) in the desert.
Winter:
Winter temperatures are milder, generally ranging from 5°C to 20°C (41°F to 68°F), with cooler nights, especially in desert areas where temperatures can drop significantly after sunset.
Coastal Regions
Australia's coastal regions generally enjoy milder temperatures due to the moderating effects of the ocean.
Summer:
Temperatures in coastal areas during summer usually range from 18°C to 28°C (64°F to 82°F).
Winter:
In winter, coastal temperatures are milder compared to the interior, generally ranging from 10°C to 20°C (50°F to 68°F).
Extremes Weather Conditions in Australia
Australia's diverse climate not only offers a variety of beautiful landscapes and ecosystems but also presents a range of extreme weather conditions. From scorching heatwaves to powerful cyclones, understanding these extremes is crucial for both residents and visitors. Here's a closer look at the various weather challenges Australia faces.
Heatwaves
Australia is no stranger to heatwaves, with temperatures sometimes soaring above 40°C (104°F) in many parts of the country during the summer months. These conditions can last for several days, impacting water supply, increasing the risk of bushfires, and affecting health, especially among vulnerable populations.
Bushfires
One of the most devastating consequences of Australia's hot, dry climate is bushfires. These fires can occur in almost any part of the country but are particularly common in the south-eastern regions during the summer and autumn months. Bushfires not only pose a threat to lives and property but also have long-term effects on the natural environment and wildlife.
Tropical Cyclones
The northern part of Australia, including Queensland, the Northern Territory, and Western Australia, is prone to tropical cyclones during the wet season (November to April). These powerful storms bring strong winds, heavy rainfall, and can cause significant flooding, damage to buildings and infrastructure, and coastal erosion.
Flooding
Australia experiences flooding in various regions, often as a result of heavy rainfall during cyclones or intense storm events. Floods can isolate communities, damage homes and infrastructure, and disrupt normal life. Areas with river systems, particularly in Queensland and New South Wales, are most susceptible to flooding.
Drought
Conversely, many areas of Australia regularly face drought conditions due to extended periods of below-average rainfall. Droughts can have a severe impact on water supply, agriculture, and the environment, leading to water restrictions, crop failures, and increased stress on native plants and animals.
Hailstorms and Thunderstorms
Hailstorms and severe thunderstorms can occur, especially in the eastern and southern parts of Australia. These storms may bring large hail, damaging winds, and lightning, posing risks to vehicles, buildings, and outdoor activities.
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
50.7 (123.3)
50.5 (122.9)
48.1 (118.6)
45.0 (113.0)
40.6 (105.1)
37.8 (100.0)
37.6 (99.7)
41.2 (106.2)
43.1 (109.6)
46.9 (116.4)
48.7 (119.7)
49.9 (121.8)
50.7 (123.3)
Record low °C (°F)
−7.7 (18.1)
−7.0 (19.4)
−7.2 (19.0)
−13.0 (8.6)
−13.4 (7.9)
−23.0 (−9.4)
−19.6 (−3.3)
−20.6 (−5.1)
−16.7 (1.9)
−12.0 (10.4)
−9.4 (15.1)
−9.0 (15.8)
−23.0 (−9.4)
Natural Disasters and Hazards in Australia
Australia's vast and diverse landscapes are not only home to unique flora and fauna but also to a range of natural disasters and hazards. From bushfires to floods, understanding these events is crucial for safety and resilience. Here's an overview of the primary natural disasters and hazards that occur in Australia, along with tips on preparedness.
Bushfires
Bushfires are a common and devastating hazard in many parts of Australia, particularly during the hot and dry summer months. These fires can start suddenly and spread rapidly, threatening homes, lives, and natural areas.
Preparedness Tip: Create a bushfire survival plan, maintain a defensible space around your property, and stay informed through local fire services during the fire season.
Floods
Australia experiences floods due to heavy rainfall, cyclones, or overflowing river systems. Floods can isolate communities, damage infrastructure, and disrupt lives.
Preparedness Tip: Know your area's flood risk, prepare an emergency kit, and have an evacuation plan in place. Listen to local authorities and weather updates, especially during heavy rainfall or cyclones.
Tropical Cyclones
The northern regions of Australia face tropical cyclones that bring destructive winds, torrential rains, and flooding. These cyclones can cause extensive damage to communities, especially in coastal areas.
Preparedness Tip: Secure your home to withstand strong winds, prepare an emergency kit, and have a plan for evacuation if advised by authorities. Stay updated with the Bureau of Meteorology for warnings.
Heatwaves
Heatwaves are periods of excessively hot weather that can lead to health risks such as heat exhaustion and heatstroke. They are becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change.
Preparedness Tip: Stay hydrated, keep cool with fans or air conditioning, and check on vulnerable family members and neighbors. Avoid strenuous activities during the hottest parts of the day.
Droughts
Extended periods of below-average rainfall lead to droughts, affecting water supply, agriculture, and the environment. Droughts can last for months or even years, requiring long-term management strategies.
Preparedness Tip: Conserve water, follow water restrictions, and support sustainable land management practices to mitigate the effects of drought.
Earthquakes
Though less common than other natural disasters, Australia does experience earthquakes. Most are small, but there is always a potential for larger, damaging earthquakes.
Preparedness Tip: Secure heavy furniture and objects in your home, prepare an emergency kit, and educate yourself and your family on how to drop, cover, and hold during shaking.
Climate Change in Australia
Climate change poses significant challenges to Australia, affecting its diverse ecosystems, vibrant communities, and robust economy. As the climate shifts, Australians are witnessing more extreme weather events, changes in rainfall patterns, and rising temperatures. Understanding these impacts and the actions being taken is crucial for a sustainable future. Here's an overview of climate change in Australia, its effects, and the steps being undertaken to address it.
Impacts of Climate Change in Australia
Increased Heat and Heatwaves:
Australia is experiencing hotter days and more frequent and intense heatwaves, leading to health risks, especially for vulnerable populations, and increased energy demand for cooling.
Bushfires:
The risk of bushfires has escalated, with longer fire seasons and more severe fires. This not only threatens lives and property but also has profound effects on Australia's unique biodiversity.
Droughts:
Prolonged dry periods are becoming more common, impacting water supplies, agriculture, and the environment. Communities, particularly in rural areas, face challenges in securing water for their needs.
Rising Sea Levels:
Coastal areas are facing the threat of rising sea levels, leading to erosion, flooding, and impacts on coastal ecosystems and infrastructure.
Coral Bleaching:
The Great Barrier Reef, a World Heritage-listed site, has suffered significant coral bleaching events due to rising sea temperatures, affecting its biodiversity and tourism value.
Actions Against Climate Change
Renewable Energy:
Australia is increasing its investment in renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions.
Conservation Efforts:
Projects aimed at conserving water, protecting biodiversity, and restoring natural habitats are being implemented to mitigate the impacts of climate change on the environment.
Research and Innovation:
Australian scientists and institutions are at the forefront of climate change research, studying impacts and developing technologies and strategies for adaptation and mitigation.
Community Initiatives:
Local communities across Australia are taking action through tree planting, sustainable farming practices, and conservation projects to combat climate change and protect natural resources.
Policy and International Cooperation:
The Australian government is involved in global efforts to address climate change, including commitments under the Paris Agreement to reduce emissions and transition to a more sustainable and low-carbon economy.
