Haryana Map

About Haryana Map

Explore the Haryana district map showing the 22 districts, district headquarters and capital of Haryana state of India.

Districts of Haryana

S.N.	District Name	Headquarter Name
1	Ambala	Ambala
2	Bhiwani	Bhiwani
3	Charkhi Dadri	Charkhi Dadri
4	Faridabad	Faridabad
5	Fatehabad	Fatehabad
6	Gurugram	Gurugram
7	Hisar	Hisar
8	Jhajjar	Jhajjar
9	Jind	Jind
10	Kaithal	Kaithal
11	Karnal	Karnal
12	Kurukshetra	Kurukshetra
13	Mahendragarh	Narnaul
14	Nuh	Nuh
15	Palwal	Palwal
16	Panchkula	Panchkula
17	Panipat	Panipat
18	Rewari	Rewari
19	Rohtak	Rohtak
20	Sirsa	Sirsa
21	Sonipat	Sonipat
22	Yamunanagar	Yamunanagar

About Haryana

Geographical Location and Size

Haryana is a state in northern India; it is an agricultural, industrial and heritage state. It has about 17,070 sq miles (44,212 km2) of land and is on Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh to the east, Rajasthan to the south and west, and on three sides by the national capital, Delhi. The state is a part of the National Capital Region (NCR) thus making it an economic and infrastructural powerhouse.

Major Cities and Population

Chandigarh is the capital of Haryana, although it is a union territory and is also the capital of Punjab. Faridabad is the largest city of the state, and is an important industrial centre. Gurugram, and Hisar are other major cities; Gurugram for its financial and technology industries, and Hisar for its role in agricultural research and steel production. It has a population of about 28 million people, with more than 75% literacy rate, and is one of the more developed states in terms of education and human resources.

Agriculture and Economy

Haryana's economy is based on the agricultural sector and plays a significant role in India's food production. It is one among the leading producers of wheat and rice, which gets a considerable boost from an extensive irrigation system, including the Western Yamuna Canal. The state’s green revolution has helped India become self-dependent in food production. The state has also diversified into horticulture, dairy farming and fisheries, to enhance the rural income and economic development.

Industrial and Economic Development

Over the last few decades, Haryana has industrialized swiftly and Gurugram has emerged as a major financial and technological hub. Corporations such as IBM, Cisco and Dell, along with automobile companies like Maruti Suzuki, Honda, and Hero MotoCorp are present in the state. Industrial townships of Manesar and Panipat add more strength to the economy of Haryana. The industrial and service sectors of the state add significantly to India's GDP and real estate, information technology, and logistics are major growth drivers.

Transportation and Connectivity

It has a vast network of national and state highways; a well developed transportation infrastructure of the state. Easy public transport: Delhi Metro extended into Haryana, and large railway junctions at Ambala, Rohtak and Hisar. Indira Gandhi International Airport is the primary air gateway, with domestic and international flights also handled by Chandigarh International Airport.

Historical and Cultural Significance

It is also the birthplace of Kurukshetra, the site of the legendary battle of Mahabharata, and has several ancient temples and archaeological sites. This cultural fair, Surajkund International Crafts Mela, holds traditional crafts demonstration and gets participation of artisans from across the world. It is also in the sports, Haryana has made a name for itself in producing some of India's finest athletes in wrestling, boxing and athletics.

Defense and Military Contributions

Haryana is an important state in India’s defense sector as it provides a large number of personnel to the Indian armed forces. The state has several military training institutions and cantonments which only emphasizes the strategic location. The local culture is a blend of traditional Haryanvi and the modern that is an dynamic state with a strong cultural identity.

Future Growth and Development

Haryana is continuing to develop as an economic and industrial power house without compromising on its role as a major agricultural producer. The state has many advantages that have made it to emerge as a key player in the Indian economy due to its close proximity to Delhi, good infrastructure and low cost labor. It has a rich heritage, industrial development and agricultural production and therefore plays an important role in the development of India’s future.

History of Haryana

Ancient History

Haryana is a state in northern India. It is one of the oldest parts of India and has a long history. Archaeological evidence shows that the Indus Valley Civilization was present in some regions of Haryana, for example, at Rakhigarhi, which is one of the largest Harappan sites. The excavations have pulled out remains of potery, tools, and seals from a highly organized urban settlement around 2500 BCE. The region was also famous for its water management, trade and crafts.

Vedic and Epic Period

During the Vedic period Haryana was a learning and spiritual center. The ancient texts call the region Brahmavarta, which shows that it was a very important place from the religious point of view. The Saraswati River, which was historically been considered to run through Haryana, was an important part of Vedic rituals and knowledge transfer. Haryana is also associated with the great Hindu epic, the Mahabharata. The adobe of the great battle of Kurukshetra between the Pandavas and the Kauravas is in Haryana. It was here that Lord Krishna is believed to have given the Bhagavad Gita, a holy book of Hindu spirituality to the world.

Medieval History and Islamic Rule

During the medieval period several invasions and battles Haryana underwent. The Mauryan Empire and the Gupta Empire both contributed to the development of trade and administration, and the region came under the rule of both the empires. Haryana was then invaded by foreign rulers, including the Huns and the Turks, after the decline of the Guptas. The Delhi Sultanate: By the 12th century, the region became part of. Because of its strategic location, Haryana became a battleground for several significant conflicts, including the First Battle of Panipat in 1526, in which Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi and established the Mughal Empire in India. Decisive moment in Indian history was the Second Battle of Panipat, in 1556, when Akbar's forces, under Bairam Khan, defeated Hemu, thereby ensuring Mughal supremacy. An Afghan ruler Ahmad Shah Abdali and the Marathas fought in the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761, resulting in massive casualties.

British Era and Role in the Independence Movement

During the British rule, Haryana was a part of Punjab province and had an active role in India’s struggle for freedom. The people of Haryana had taken parts in several revolts such as the first revolt of 1857, in which they had revolted against the British at Ambala, Hisar and Rohtak. Several freedom fighters of Haryana had engaged themselves in different strikes, protests, boycotts and other forms of resistance. The region had a very high turnout during the Non-Cooperation Movement, the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit India Movement. Farmers and soldiers of Haryana played an important role in combating colonialism and made great sacrifices for India’s freedom.

Formation of Haryana as a Separate State

Accompanying India's independence in 1947, Haryana was first consolidated as part of Punjab for almost two decades. However, heaving linguistic and cultural differences, demands for a separate state had been growing stronger. Haryana, was carved out of Punjab on November 1, 1966, as the seventeenth state of India, with Chandigarh, jointly with Punjab as its capital. The formation of Haryana was prompted by the recommendations of the Shah Commission which reorganized Indian states on a linguistic basis. Swiftly industrializing and developing in agriculture and infrastructure, Haryana has quickly become one of the most prosperous states in India since its formation.

Modern Development and Growth

Haryana is one of the leading states in India in the post independence era. Haryana has turned into an agricultural power house, one of the largest producers of wheat and rice in the country after the Green revolution. Industrial development of the state has been very high and Gurugram and Faridabad have emerged as financial and technological hubs. The state growth has been fueled by its location, strong infrastructure and government policies in sectors like automobile, information technology and real estate. The state’s developmental path has also positioned it as one of the most progressive states of India.

Haryana’s history, from the ancient to the modern day, showcases the state’s resilience and its role in India’s cultural, political and economic growth. Haryana is an important part of India's growth story despite being an integral part of it with a rich heritage and significance and fairly rapid development.

Geography of Haryana

Haryana exists as a northern Indian state which occupies a strategic position in the Indo-Gangetic plains while being part of the National Capital Region (NCR). The state borders Punjab to the northwest and Himachal Pradesh to the north while sharing borders with Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh to the east and Rajasthan to the southwest and Delhi to the south. The state spans 44,212 square kilometers of land which represents 1.4 percent of India's national territory. The state maintains significant geographical value because it borders Delhi and has productive farmland and functions as a key transportation and industrial hub.

Physiographic Divisions

The state contains three primary physiographic areas which make up its diverse landscape. The Shivalik Hills extend from the northeast as the Himalayan outermost ranges while they span across Panchkula Ambala and Yamunanagar districts. The elevation of these hills reaches between 900 to 1,200 meters above sea level while they function as the water source for multiple seasonal rivers. The Yamuna River system with its tributaries created the fertile alluvial plains which extend through the central part of Haryana. The agricultural region of India reaches its peak productivity in the districts of Karnal and Panipat and Kurukshetra and Sonipat which form this productive zone. The southwestern part of the state features a dry region with sand dunes and saltwater basins and minimal plant life in districts including Mahendragarh Bhiwani and Hisar.

Rivers and Water Systems

The Yamuna River runs through eastern Uttar Pradesh to form Haryana's primary water source which supports irrigation and drinking water supply and industrial operations. The Yamuna River receives seasonal water from the Shivalik Hills through streams which people call “choes.” The Ghaggar River runs through northern Haryana before it disappears into the arid landscape of Rajasthan. The Western Yamuna Canal and Bhakra Canal system provide irrigation to western and southern districts through their water diversion from the Sutlej and Yamuna rivers. The extensive use of groundwater has resulted in decreasing water levels throughout numerous districts because of excessive pumping.

Climate

The climate of Haryana follows a subtropical continental pattern which brings hot summer months and distinct monsoon periods and cold winter seasons. The western districts of Haryana reach temperatures above 45°C during summer but the northern plains experience winter temperatures that approach freezing levels. The northeastern districts near the Shivalik Hills get the most rainfall which ranges from 400 to 1,200 millimeters annually but the southwestern districts near Rajasthan receive the least amount of precipitation. The southwest monsoon season from July to September brings 70 to 80 percent of the total annual rainfall which makes agricultural production heavily reliant on monsoon weather patterns. The state experiences two types of severe weather patterns which include dry conditions in the southwestern region and flooding in areas near rivers.

Natural Resources and Soil

The alluvial soils of Haryana contain abundant minerals and organic matter throughout central and eastern districts which support the intensive farming of wheat and rice and sugarcane. The southwestern region of the state has sandy and loamy soils that are vulnerable to desertification. The Shivalik region has gravelly soils with reduced fertility levels which support horticultural activities and forestry operations. The state has various natural deposits of building stones and slate and china clay and limestone and small gypsum reserves. The water supply from underground sources remains vital yet faces depletion because of excessive water usage for irrigation and industrial operations.

Flora and Fauna

Haryana's natural vegetation consists mainly of tropical thorn forest which blends with dry deciduous and scrub vegetation throughout its southwestern areas. The Shivalik Hills together with Morni region maintain sal forests which support a wide range of wildlife species. The state protects its natural areas through Sultanpur National Park near Gurugram which serves as a major bird sanctuary for migratory species and Kalesar National Park in Yamunanagar which provides habitat for elephants and leopards and numerous bird species. The state protects local biodiversity through its wildlife sanctuaries which include Bhindawas and Abubshahar and Bir Shikargah.

Urbanization and Land Use

The agricultural sector dominates Haryana's land use distribution because more than 60 percent of the territory exists for farming purposes. The close location of Haryana to Delhi has caused its areas including Gurugram and Faridabad and Sonipat to develop into industrial and residential districts. The urban areas within these economic corridors serve as part of India's biggest economic development zones which receive support from NH-44 and the Delhi–Mumbai Expressway. The central and northern districts maintain their core agricultural activities through intensive farming yet the southwest semi-arid areas implement watershed management and crop diversification to handle resource scarcity.

Environmental Challenges

The environmental problems in Haryana stem from its geographical location. The rice-wheat intensive areas of Karnal and Kurukshetra experience severe groundwater depletion because of excessive water extraction. The urban areas of Gurugram and Faridabad experience extreme air pollution which ranks among the worst worldwide because of vehicle emissions and building construction and industrial operations. The state deals with three major environmental issues which include soil salinity problems and deforestation in the Shivalik foothills and desertification threats in the southwestern region. The state implements rainwater harvesting systems and afforestation programs and canal modernization projects to combat climate variability which threatens long-term sustainability.