Explore the map of Delhi, India's capital territory, is one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population exceeding 19 million across an area of 1,484 square kilometres. Renowned for its rich history and cultural heritage, Delhi houses significant landmarks such as the Red Fort, India Gate, and Qutub Minar. It serves as the political and administrative hub of India, hosting the Parliament House and Rashtrapati Bhavan. The city's strategic location and robust infrastructure make it a vital centre for commerce, education, and tourism.
Explore Delhi Union Territory map, officially the NCT (National Capital Territory) of Delhi, it is a city and a union territory of India having New Delhi, the national capital of India.
List of Districts of Delhi
S.N.
District
Headquarters
Tehsils (Sub divisions)
1
New Delhi
Jamnagar House
Chanakyapuri, Delhi Cantonment, Vasant Vihar
2
Central Delhi
Daryaganj
Civil Lines, Karol Bagh, Kotwali
3
East Delhi
Shastri Nagar
Gandhi Nagar, Mayur Vihar, Preet Vihar
4
North Delhi
Alipur
Alipur, Model Town, Narela
5
North East Delhi
Nand Nagri
Karawal Nagar, Seelampur, Yamuna Vihar
6
North West Delhi
Kanjhawala
Kanjhawala, Rohini, Saraswati Vihar
7
Shahdara
Nand Nagri
Seemapuri, Shahdara, Vivek Vihar
8
South Delhi
Saket
Hauz Khas, Mehrauli, Saket
9
South East Delhi
Defence Colony
Defence Colony, Kalkaji, Sarita Vihar
10
South West Delhi
Kapashera
Dwarka, Kapashera, Najafgarh
11
West Delhi
Shivaji Place
Paschim Vihar, Punjabi Bagh, Rajouri Garden
Delhi
Delhi, the capital territory of India, is a sprawling metropolis known for its rich history, cultural diversity, and significant political importance. Covering an area of 1,484 square kilometres, it is one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population exceeding 19 million. This vibrant city is a melting pot of cultures, languages, and traditions, reflecting the essence of India's unity in diversity.
Historical Significance
Delhi's history dates back over several millennia, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It has served as the capital for several empires, including the Pandavas of the Mahabharata, the Delhi Sultanate, and the Mughal Empire. The city is dotted with historical monuments, each narrating tales of its glorious past. Notable landmarks include the Red Fort, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a symbol of India's struggle for independence; Qutub Minar, the tallest brick minaret in the world; and Humayun's Tomb, a precursor to the Taj Mahal.
Political and Administrative Hub
As the seat of the Indian government, Delhi houses the Parliament House, Rashtrapati Bhavan (the President's residence), and the Prime Minister's Office. These institutions are central to India's political landscape, where key decisions shaping the nation are made. The city is divided into 11 districts, each with its administrative and political significance.
Economic and Commercial Centre
Delhi is a major commercial hub in India, contributing significantly to the country's GDP. The city hosts numerous multinational corporations, industrial sectors, and a thriving retail market. Connaught Place, one of the largest financial centres in India, is located in the heart of Delhi. Additionally, the city's strategic location and well-developed infrastructure make it a key player in trade and commerce.
Education and Healthcare
Delhi is renowned for its educational institutions, attracting students from across the country and the world. The city is home to prestigious universities such as the University of Delhi, Jawaharlal Nehru University, and the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. These institutions are known for their academic excellence and research contributions.
In terms of healthcare, Delhi boasts some of the best medical facilities in India. All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Fortis, and Apollo Hospitals are among the top healthcare institutions providing world-class medical services and specialised treatments.
Cultural Diversity
Delhi's cultural diversity is reflected in its festivals, cuisine, and daily life. The city celebrates a myriad of festivals, including Diwali, Eid, Christmas, and Gurpurab, with great enthusiasm. Its culinary landscape is equally diverse, offering a range of dishes from street food like chaat and kebabs to gourmet meals in fine dining restaurants.
Infrastructure and Transport
Delhi's infrastructure is well-developed, featuring an extensive network of roads, highways, and flyovers. The Delhi Metro, spanning over 389 kilometres with 285 stations, is a lifeline for the city's commuters, serving an average daily ridership of 2.7 million passengers. The Indira Gandhi International Airport is one of the busiest airports in India, handling both domestic and international flights.
Environmental and Social Challenges
Despite its many strengths, Delhi faces significant challenges, including air pollution, traffic congestion, and a growing population. The city has implemented various measures to combat these issues, such as introducing the Odd-Even traffic rule to reduce vehicular emissions and expanding green spaces to improve air quality.
Future Prospects
The future of Delhi looks promising with ongoing development projects aimed at enhancing infrastructure, improving public services, and promoting sustainable growth. Initiatives like the Smart City project and the expansion of the Delhi Metro network are steps towards making Delhi a more liveable and efficient city.
History
Delhi, the capital of India, boasts a history as rich and diverse as the country itself. Spanning several millennia, the city's historical journey is marked by the rise and fall of empires, architectural marvels, and significant events that have shaped its identity. Here is an in-depth look into the history of Delhi, illustrating its transformation from ancient times to the modern era.
Ancient Period
Delhi's history can be traced back to ancient times, with references to the city appearing in the epic Mahabharata as Indraprastha, the capital of the Pandavas. Archaeological evidence suggests that the area has been inhabited since at least the 6th century BCE. During this period, Delhi was part of the extensive network of trade routes that connected the Indian subcontinent with Central Asia and beyond.
Medieval Period
The Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526)
The medieval history of Delhi began with the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate in 1206 by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the founder of the Mamluk Dynasty. The city served as the capital of various dynasties, including the Khalji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, and Lodi dynasties. This era saw the construction of significant monuments like the Qutub Minar, the Alai Darwaza, and the Hauz Khas Complex. The Qutub Minar, built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak and later completed by his successors, stands as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a symbol of Delhi's architectural grandeur.
The Mughal Era (1526-1857)
The Mughal era began with the victory of Babur at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526. Under Mughal rule, particularly during the reigns of Akbar, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb, Delhi flourished as a centre of art, culture, and commerce. Shah Jahan, known for his architectural contributions, moved the capital from Agra to Delhi and built Shahjahanabad, the seventh city of Delhi, which included the Red Fort and the Jama Masjid. The Red Fort, a magnificent fortress and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, became the residence of Mughal emperors and a symbol of their power.
Colonial Period
The British Raj (1858-1947)
The decline of the Mughal Empire culminated in the British East India Company gaining control over Delhi after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. In 1911, the British decided to shift the capital of British India from Calcutta to Delhi, recognising its historical and strategic importance. The new imperial city, New Delhi, was designed by British architects Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. Inaugurated in 1931, New Delhi was characterised by grand colonial architecture, wide avenues, and lush gardens. Key buildings such as the Rashtrapati Bhavan (formerly Viceroy's House), India Gate, and the Secretariat buildings were constructed during this period.
Post-Independence Period
Independence and Modernisation
Following India's independence in 1947, Delhi was declared the capital of the newly formed Republic of India. The partition of India led to a massive influx of refugees into Delhi, which dramatically increased its population and necessitated significant urban development. Over the decades, Delhi has transformed into a bustling metropolis, integrating modern infrastructure while preserving its historical heritage.
Key Historical Sites
Red Fort
Constructed by Shah Jahan in the mid-17th century, the Red Fort served as the main residence of the Mughal emperors. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and an iconic symbol of India's independence, as it was from its ramparts that Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru declared India's freedom on 15 August 1947.
Qutub Minar
This 73-metre tall minaret is one of Delhi's oldest monuments, started by Qutb-ud-din Aibak and completed by Iltutmish and Firoz Shah Tughlaq. The Qutub Minar complex also includes the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque and the Iron Pillar, known for its rust-resistant composition.
Humayun's Tomb
Built in 1570, Humayun's Tomb is another UNESCO World Heritage Site and the first garden-tomb on the Indian subcontinent. It inspired several major architectural innovations, culminating in the construction of the Taj Mahal.
Jama Masjid
Commissioned by Shah Jahan, the Jama Masjid is one of the largest and most renowned mosques in India. Completed in 1656, it stands as a masterpiece of Mughal architecture and a prominent landmark in Old Delhi.
Cultural Heritage
Delhi's cultural heritage is a blend of its diverse history and contemporary influences. The city hosts numerous festivals, art exhibitions, and cultural events that celebrate its rich legacy. The annual Republic Day parade, held on Rajpath, showcases India's cultural diversity and military prowess.
Geography
Delhi, the capital territory of India, is strategically located in the northern part of the country. Its geography is characterised by a unique blend of natural and man-made features, influencing its climate, biodiversity, and urban planning. Covering an area of 1,484 square kilometres, Delhi's geographical attributes play a crucial role in its development and functionality as a major urban centre.
Location and Boundaries
Delhi is situated at approximately 28.7041° N latitude and 77.1025° E longitude. It is bordered by the state of Haryana on three sides – the north, west, and south – and by Uttar Pradesh to the east. The city lies within the Indo-Gangetic Plains, one of the world's most fertile and densely populated regions.
Topography
Delhi's topography is predominantly flat, with the exception of the Delhi Ridge, which is part of the Aravalli Range. The Ridge extends from the south of the city towards the north, acting as the city's green lung and providing a natural barrier against the expansion of urban sprawl. The highest point in Delhi is about 318 metres above sea level, located within this Ridge area.
Major Geographical Features
Yamuna River
The Yamuna River, a major tributary of the Ganges, flows through Delhi from north to south. It plays a vital role in the city's water supply and has significant historical and cultural importance. However, the river faces severe pollution challenges due to industrial effluents and untreated sewage.
Delhi Ridge
The Delhi Ridge, often referred to as the "lungs of Delhi," is a prominent feature of the city's geography. This rocky outcrop, an extension of the ancient Aravalli Range, spans approximately 35 kilometres within the city limits. It is divided into four parts: the Northern Ridge near Delhi University, the Central Ridge near Connaught Place, the South Central Ridge near Lutyens' Delhi, and the Southern Ridge near Tughlaqabad. The Ridge is home to several wildlife species and serves as an important ecological zone.
Climate
Delhi experiences a humid subtropical climate, characterised by extreme temperatures and distinct seasonal variations. The city has three main seasons: summer, monsoon, and winter.
Summer (March to June): Summers in Delhi are hot and dry, with temperatures often exceeding 40°C. The highest recorded temperature in Delhi is 48.4°C, observed in May 2019.
Monsoon (July to September): The monsoon season brings heavy rainfall, with the city receiving an average annual precipitation of approximately 800 millimetres. The Yamuna River often swells during this period, leading to occasional flooding.
Winter (November to February): Winters in Delhi are cold, with temperatures dropping to around 5°C. The city occasionally experiences dense fog, which can disrupt air and road traffic.
Biodiversity
Despite its urban nature, Delhi is home to a rich diversity of flora and fauna. The city's green cover includes numerous parks, gardens, and the Delhi Ridge, contributing to its biodiversity. Prominent green spaces include the Lodi Gardens, Nehru Park, and the Garden of Five Senses.
Flora: Delhi's vegetation primarily consists of deciduous trees, including species such as neem, peepal, jamun, and banyan. The Delhi Ridge supports a variety of plant species adapted to arid conditions.
Fauna: The city's fauna includes a range of bird species, such as peacocks, pigeons, and parakeets. Mammals like monkeys, squirrels, and stray dogs are commonly seen, while the Ridge and surrounding areas provide habitat for species like the Indian hare and various reptiles.
Urban Geography
Delhi's urban landscape is a mix of historical monuments, modern infrastructure, and expanding residential and commercial areas. The city is divided into eleven administrative districts, each with its own unique characteristics. Key urban areas include:
New Delhi: The seat of the Indian government, featuring landmarks like the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Parliament House, and India Gate.
Old Delhi: Known for its historic sites such as the Red Fort, Jama Masjid, and bustling markets like Chandni Chowk.
South Delhi: A posh residential and commercial area, home to upscale neighbourhoods, shopping malls, and educational institutions.
West Delhi: A mix of residential colonies and industrial zones, with significant commercial activities.
Environmental Challenges
Delhi faces several environmental challenges, primarily due to its rapid urbanisation and population growth:
Air Pollution: The city consistently ranks among the world's most polluted capitals. Major sources of pollution include vehicular emissions, industrial activities, and construction dust.
Water Pollution: The Yamuna River is heavily polluted, impacting water quality and posing health risks to residents.
Waste Management: Delhi generates a substantial amount of solid waste, leading to challenges in waste collection, disposal, and recycling.
Demographics
Delhi, the capital territory of India, is a dynamic metropolis characterised by its diverse and rapidly growing population. Understanding the demographics of Delhi is crucial for grasping the socio-economic fabric and planning for its future development. The city's population, its composition, and various demographic trends offer insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by this urban centre.
Population Size and Growth
As of the 2021 census, Delhi's population exceeds 19 million, making it one of the most populous cities in the world. The population density is remarkably high, with more than 11,000 people per square kilometre. This dense population is concentrated in an area of 1,484 square kilometres, creating significant pressure on infrastructure and resources.
Delhi's population has seen exponential growth over the past few decades. In 1951, the population was around 1.4 million. By 1991, it had surged to 9.4 million, and by 2011, it had reached 16.8 million. This rapid increase is attributed to both natural population growth and significant migration from other parts of India, driven by Delhi's economic opportunities and better living standards.
Age Structure
Delhi's population is relatively young, with a median age of around 28 years. Approximately 30% of the population is under the age of 15, and about 65% is between 15 and 64 years old. This youthful demographic is both a strength and a challenge, providing a large workforce while also necessitating substantial investment in education, employment, and healthcare.
Gender Ratio
The gender ratio in Delhi is skewed, with 866 females for every 1,000 males as of the 2021 census. This imbalance is more pronounced in urban areas compared to rural regions. Efforts to address this disparity include awareness campaigns and initiatives to improve women's health and education.
Literacy Rate
Delhi boasts a high literacy rate, reflecting its status as a major educational hub. The overall literacy rate is around 88.7%, with male literacy at approximately 93.1% and female literacy at about 82.7%. The city is home to several prestigious educational institutions, including the University of Delhi, Jawaharlal Nehru University, and the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, which contribute to its high educational standards.
Migration and Diversity
Migration has played a pivotal role in shaping Delhi's demographics. The city attracts people from across India, resulting in a culturally diverse population. Major migrant groups include individuals from Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Punjab, and West Bengal. This influx has led to a cosmopolitan environment, where multiple languages, cuisines, and traditions coexist.
Hindi is the most widely spoken language, followed by Punjabi, Urdu, and English. The linguistic diversity is mirrored in the city's cultural practices, with festivals like Diwali, Eid, Christmas, and Gurpurab celebrated with equal fervour.
Religious Composition
Delhi's population is predominantly Hindu, comprising about 81% of the total population. Muslims make up around 12%, while Sikhs account for approximately 4%. Other religious communities, including Christians, Jains, and Buddhists, also have a presence in the city. This religious diversity contributes to Delhi's rich cultural tapestry, with numerous places of worship, festivals, and religious events.
Employment and Economy
Delhi's economy is diverse and robust, providing a range of employment opportunities. The city's workforce is engaged in various sectors, including services, manufacturing, trade, and construction. The service sector, particularly IT, finance, and real estate, is a major driver of economic growth.
Unemployment remains a challenge, particularly among the youth. Efforts to address this include skill development programmes, vocational training, and initiatives to promote entrepreneurship.
Housing and Living Conditions
The rapid population growth has led to significant challenges in housing and living conditions. Delhi's urban landscape includes both high-end residential areas and sprawling slums. Approximately 15% of the population lives in slum areas, facing issues such as inadequate housing, poor sanitation, and lack of basic amenities.
The government has implemented various housing schemes to address these challenges, including the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, aimed at providing affordable housing for all.
Health and Healthcare
Delhi has a well-developed healthcare infrastructure, with numerous public and private hospitals, clinics, and research institutions. Prominent healthcare facilities include the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Fortis, and Apollo Hospitals. Despite these resources, the city faces health challenges such as pollution-related illnesses, infectious diseases, and lifestyle-related conditions.
The infant mortality rate in Delhi is around 13 per 1,000 live births, significantly lower than the national average. Efforts to improve healthcare access and quality include expanding healthcare services, promoting health education, and implementing public health programmes.
